提取和干燥方式对肉苁蓉提取物中有效成分的影响  

Effects of extraction and drying methods on effective components of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma extract

作　　者：杨国斌 韩玲[1] 余群力[1] 刘兴龙[1,2] 周鑫魁[3] YANG Guobin;HAN Ling;YU Qunli;LIU Xinglong;ZHOU Xinkui(College of Food Science and Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730010,China;Jiuquan Vocational Technical College,Jiuquan 735000,China;Gansu Zhongshang Food Quality Test and Detection Co.Ltd.,Lanzhou 730010,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730010 [2]酒泉职业技术学院,甘肃酒泉735000 [3]甘肃中商食品质量检验检测有限公司,甘肃兰州730010

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第18期250-258,共9页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：酒泉市科技支撑计划项目(2060402)。

摘　　要：该研究利用纯水和乙醇为提取溶剂,以亚临界水提取,回流提取,超声提取,超临界流体提取4种提取方法,分别提取肉苁蓉中的有效营养物质。得到提取产物后以提取产物中肉苁蓉指标性物质(肉苁蓉苷)、营养元素、维生素含量作为质量指标,以农药残留含量作为安全卫生指标。评价不同溶剂、不同提取方式对肉苁蓉有效成分的影响。结果表明,亚临界水提取得到的产物中肉苁蓉苷含量比其他提取方式高2.93%~40.63%,维生素含量比其他提取方式高6.64%~35.75%,同时农药残留含量比其他提取方式降低了72.89%~84.47%;该提取方式能提高有效物质提取效率,减少有害物质溶出。提取过程不产生污染环境的废弃物,同时分别采用真空冷冻干燥法,常压烘干法,减压烘干法对肉苁蓉提取液进行干燥处理,得到提取产物粉末。再次检测不同粉末中有效营养物质的含量,发现其中真空冷冻干燥法能有效防止制备提取物粉末中的营养物质散失。其他2种干燥方式得到的提取产物比真空干燥产物的营养物质含量下降了9.09%~57.14%。利用亚临界水提取肉苁蓉中有效物质,并结合真空冷冻干燥法制备提取物的干制粉末,具有低毒、高收益、绿色环保的特性。In this study,pure water and ethanol were used as the extraction solvent to extract effective nutrients from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma by subcritical water extraction,reflux extraction,ultrasonic extraction,and supercritical fluid extraction.After the extraction products were obtained,the contents of indicator substances of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma(Cistanche glycoside),nutrient elements,and vitamins in the extracted products were taken as quality indicators,and the pesticide residue content was taken as safety and health indicators.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different solvents and extraction methods on the effective components of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma.Results showed that the content of Cistanche glycoside in the product extracted by subcritical water was 2.93%-40.63%higher than that of other extraction methods,and the content of vitamin was 6.64%-35.75%higher than that of other extraction methods,at the same time,the content of pesticide residue decreased by 72.89%-84.47%compared with other extraction methods,which could improve the extraction efficiency of effective substances and reduce the release of harmful substances.At the same time,vacuum freeze-drying,normal pressure drying and decompression drying were used to dry the extract of Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma,and the powder was obtained.Results showed that the vacuum freeze-drying method could effectively prevent the loss of nutrients in the extracted powder.Compared with vacuum drying,the other two drying methods decreased the nutrient content by 9.09%-57.14%.The effective substances were extracted from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma by subcritical water,and the powder was prepared by vacuum freeze-drying method.

关 键 词：亚临界水 肉苁蓉 肉苁蓉苷 维生素 农药残留 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学]