新型冠状病毒突变株研究进展  

Progress of research on SARS-COV-2variants

作　　者：张佳怡 韩晓雯 李维东 黄晓东 张樱[4] 陈昊[2,3] ZHANG Jia-yi;HAN Xiao-wen;LI Wei-dong;HUANG Xiao-dong;ZHANG Ying;CHEN Hao(The Second Clinical Medical College,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第二临床医学院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]兰州大学第二医院肿瘤外科,甘肃兰州730030 [3]甘肃省消化系统肿瘤重点实验室,甘肃兰州730030 [4]解放军总医院第一医学中心检验中心,北京100853

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2023年第14期2216-2223,共8页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160129);甘肃省重点人才基金资助项目(2019RCXM020);甘肃省科技重大专项国际科技合作基金资助项目(19ZD2WA001);兰州市科技局新冠肺炎防控技术研究基金资助项目(2020-XG-54);兰州市城关区科技计划基金资助项目(2020JSCX0073);兰州大学第二医院横向课题(2019A-324)。

摘　　要：自2019年12月起,新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情暴发,数千个新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的基因序列相继出现。刺突糖蛋白(S蛋白)的亚基S1、S2均参与病毒入侵宿主细胞的过程,在促进中和抗体、T细胞反应和保护性免疫中起着关键作用,因此在新冠病毒基因突变中占据重要地位。研究发现很多变异株都与S蛋白的基因突变有关,S1在毒力、传播性和宿主免疫规避方面具有重要的临床意义,是突变研究的热点。故本文将概述SARS-CoV-2变异株的研究现状,为基础研发和临床应用提供线索。Thousands of gene sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)have successively emerged since the COVID-19pandemic outbroke in December,2019.Spike protein(S)composed of two subunits,S1and S2,gets involved in viral invasion of host cells and plays a key role in stimulating neutralizing antibody,T cell reactions and protective immunity,and it is closely associated with the gene mutations of SARS-CoV-2.Many variants have been found to be associated with gene mutations in the S protein,and S1is considered a research hotspot for mutations that may have high clinical relevance in terms of virulence,transmissibility and host immune avoidance of host.The current status of researches on SARS-CoV-2variants was summarized in the article,which provides references for basic research and clinical application.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 新型冠状病毒感染 新冠突变株 奥密克戎 基因突变 中和抗体 免疫逃逸 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]