九年低量生物炭还田和钾肥对棕壤土钾素、玉米产量和钾平衡的影响  

Effects of nine-year low amount biochar return and potassium fertilization on potassium,maize yield and potassium balance in brown soil

作　　者：包正荣 戴皖宁 苏旭 陈义轩 林利 兰宇[1] 杨旭[1] 孟军[1] BAO Zhengrong;DAI Wanning;SU Xu;CHEN Yixuan;LIN Li;LAN Yu;YANG Xu;MENG Jun(National Institute of Biochar,Shenyang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shenyang110000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院,农业农村部生物炭与土壤改良重点实验室,沈阳110000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第9期2129-2137,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：沈阳市科技计划项目(22-317-2-08和2021-57);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-51)资助。

摘　　要：中国大部分耕地钾不足,而施用生物炭等有机改良剂是提高土壤钾素含量的有效途径。国内外有关低量生物炭长期还田和施钾对棕壤土钾素、作物生产力和土壤钾素平衡的交互作用研究不够充分。本研究开展玉米田间长期定位试验,试验采取两因素随机区组设计,分别为生物炭(C)和钾肥(K)处理,生物炭设置0和2.625 t·hm^(-2)两水平(分别表示为C_(0)和C_(1)),钾肥设置0和60 kg·hm^(-2)两水平(分别表示为K_(0)和K1)。结果表明:生物炭和钾肥对不同土层不同形态钾素的影响不尽相同。在0~20 cm土层,C_(1)处理的土壤水溶性钾、缓效钾、有效钾和全钾含量较C_(0)分别显著提高57.14%、17.25%、23.48%和8.31%;相反,C_(1)处理的土壤速效钾含量较C_(0)显著降低8.31%;K1处理土壤速效钾、缓效钾和有效钾的含量较K_(0)分别显著提高16.61%、16.42%和44.25%;各处理组合中,C_(1)K1较C_(0)K_(0)处理土壤水溶性钾、缓效钾和有效钾含量分别显著增加72.72%、77.45%和36.19%。在20~40 cm土层,生物炭仅对土壤水溶性钾含量有显著性影响,且与0~20 cm土层表现相反,在K_(0)和K1水平下C_(1)处理的土壤水溶性钾含量较C_(0)分别显著降低8.65%和42.57%;K1处理的土壤速效钾、缓效钾和有效钾含量较K_(0)分别显著增加13.33%、10.84%和19.63%,水溶性钾含量仅在C_(1)水平下较K_(0)显著降低40.35%;各处理组合中,C_(1)K1较C_(0)K_(0)处理土壤水溶性钾显著降低45.51%,有效钾含量显著增加24.26%。生物炭和钾肥均能够显著提高玉米各器官的干重及总干重、各器官的钾素吸收量及总吸收量。生物炭和钾肥均能够显著提高玉米的产量,C_(1)较C_(0)增产8.66%,K1较K_(0)增产10.10%,C_(1)K1较C_(0)K_(0)处理玉米产量显著增加19.76%。施用生物炭能够显著提升钾肥吸收利用率,使土壤钾素处于盈余的状态。本研究表明,低量生物炭长期还田和钾肥增加了表层土壤钾素的有效性,提�Potassium is deficient in most of China’s arable lands.The application of organic amendments,such as biochar,is an effective way to increase soil potassium content.The research on the interactions between long-term and annual low amount of biochar returning and potassium application on brown soil potassium,crop productivity,and soil potassium balance is not sufficient.We carried out a long-term field experiment on maize cropland,which followed a two-factor randomized block design with two factors including biochar(C)and potassium fertilizer(K).There were two levels of biochar addition(0 t·hm^(-2)and 2.625 t·hm^(-2);denoted as C_(0)and C_(1),respectively),and two potassium fertilizer levels(0 kg·hm^(-2)and 60 kg·hm^(-2);denoted as K_(0)and K1,respectively).Biochar and potassium fertilizer had different effects on different forms of potassium across soil layers.In 0-20 cm soil layer,the content of water-soluble potassium,slowly available potassium,available potassium,and total potassium in C_(1)treatment was significantly increased by 57.14%,17.25%,23.48%,and 8.31%compared with C_(0).On the contrary,the content of soil readily available potassium in C_(1)treatment was 8.31%lower than that in C_(0)treatment.The contents of soil readily available potassium,slowly available potassium,and available potassium in K1 treatment were 16.61%,16.42%,and 44.25%higher than those in K_(0)treatment,respectively.Compared with C_(0)K_(0)treatment,C_(1)K1 significantly increased the contents of water-soluble potassium,slowly available potassium,and available potassium by 72.72%,77.45%,and 36.19%,respectively.Biochar had a significant effect on soil water-soluble potassium content,which was contrary to that in 0-20 cm soil layer.At K_(0)and K1 levels,soil water-soluble potassium content in C_(1)was significantly reduced by 8.65%and 42.57%compared with C_(0),respectively.The contents of soil readily available potassium,slowly available potassium,and available potassium in K1 treatment increased by 13.33%,10.84%,and 19.63%,respec

关 键 词：生物炭 钾肥 玉米 土壤钾素 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S153