行政犯违法判断的中国方案  

On the Chinese Approach to the Determination of the illegality in Administrative Crimes

作　　者：邹玉祥 ZOU Yuxiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100000

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第10期63-80,共18页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国行政犯违法判断的侧重点和问题点与德日刑法理论无法完全契合,基于各自立法体例和研究目的的国外刑法理论在我国不能直接适用。具有本土特色的相对从属性说与相对独立性说在理论发展中逐渐趋同且均具有缺陷。存在论层面的法秩序统一性理论以及缓和违法一元论均无法有效支撑相对从属性说,行政犯违法判断应坚持相对独立性的立场。其中,法秩序统一性不是合法或违法概念的统一,而是在同一宪法秩序之下基本良善价值的统一。只有符合基本良善价值的行为才具有法域兼容性,当且仅当行为属于前置法所鼓励和倡导的模式,具有前置法层面的价值善时,刑法才不能认为其违法,否则刑法将保留独立评价的空间。法秩序统一性与违法评价多元性应是分属不同层面的问题,逻辑内涵并不矛盾。基于我国行政犯刑事立法的特殊性,违法判断的相对独立性应是指违法范畴的相对和判断标准的独立。The emphases on and issues over the determination of administrative crimes in China are not completely falling within the Germany or Japanese theories on the criminal law,and foreign theories on the criminal law based on their respective legislative styles and research purposes cannot be directly applied in China.The doctrine of relative dependency and the doctrine of relative independence with local characteristics gradually converge in the theoretical development and both have defects.The theory of the unity of legal order and the mitigated doctrine of unitary illegality at the dimension of the ontology cannot effectively support the doctrine of relative dependency,thus the determination of illegality in administrative crimes should be made by insisting on the standpoint of relative independence.Specifically,The unity of legal order is not the unification of the concepts of legality and illegality,but the unification of basic good values under the same constitutional order.Only behaviors in line with the basic good values enjoys areas-of-law compatibility.If and only if a behavior belongs to a mode encouraged and advocated by predicate laws and has the good values at the level of the predicate laws,cannot the criminal law regard it as illegal,otherwise space should be reserved for the criminal law to make an independent evaluation.The unity of legal order and the pluralism in the evaluation of illegality should be issues belonging to different levels and are not necessarily conflicted in terms of logic connotation.Based on the particularity of legislation of China on administrative crimes,the relative independence in terms of the determination of illegality refers to the relativeness of the scope of illegality and the independence of determination standard.

关 键 词：行政犯 质量差异论 缓和违法一元论 相对独立性说 法秩序统一性 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]