近代利津地区黄河水灾的应对与影响研究(1855-1938)  

Response and Impacts of Yellow River Flooding in Lijin Region from 1855 to 1938

作　　者：陈镱苇 CHEN Yiwei(School of History and Culture,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2023年第3期82-90,共9页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

基　　金：湖南省科研创新项目(CX20220475)。

摘　　要：1855年,黄河在铜瓦厢决口改道,由利津入海。1855年至1938年,黄河下游频频溃决,利津地区屡受其害。1921年宫家坝大堤决口,是近代以来利津地区最严重的决口之一,黄河利津段的凌汛灾害也极为严重。面对严重的黄河水灾,社会各界积极应对。晚清时期主要采用加筑河堤、迁民避水的方式;民国时期则主要采用赈济钱粮和规复附捐等方式;慈善组织也踊跃参与救灾。黄河水灾深刻影响着入海口地区人民的生产和生活,改变了其原有的产业结构,并产生了与之适应的信仰与风俗。In 1855,the Yellow River bursted and changed its course at the mouth of Tongwaxiang,and ever since,it had flown into the sea from Lijin.From 1855 to 1938,the lower reaches of the Yellow River frequently collapsed,causing frequent flooding in Lijin region,and the breach of the Gongjia Dam in 1921 was one of the most serious ones in the Lijin region since the modern times.The ice-jam flood in the Lijin section of the Yellow River was also extremely severe.Faced with the severe Yellow River flooding,all sectors of society actively responded.In the late Qing Dynasty,the methods of building river embankments and relocating people away from flood area were mainly adopted.During the Republic of China period,the methods of relief funds and grain as well as the collection of supplementary donations were mainly used.Besides,charity organizations also took an active part in disaster relief.The Yellow River flooding had a profound impact on the production and life of the people in the estuary area,changing the original industrial structure and generating beliefs and customs that are adapted to it.

关 键 词：利津地区 黄河水灾 凌汛 社会应对 影响 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] S422[历史地理—中国史]