一种肯定的权力理论的形成:基于福柯与康吉莱姆关系的考察  

The Formation of a Positive Theory of Power:A Discussion Centred around theRelationship between Foucault and Canguilhem

作　　者：叶晨阳 YE Chenyang

机构地区：[1]日本庆应义塾大学法学研究科

出　　处：《社会》2023年第4期129-153,共25页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以后,福柯逐渐发展出一套有别于过往基于“压抑假说”之权力观的新权力理论。尽管这种权力理论具有强烈的福柯色彩,但是通过这一时期的关键词“规范”,我们仍能清楚把握到康吉莱姆对福柯的影响。实际上,康吉莱姆所厘定的作为内在的、肯定性的生命形式的“规范”概念及其使用方法,不仅为福柯提供了摆脱“压抑假说”,构建肯定的权力理论的可能性条件,而且在福柯对自身权力理论的不足进行克服时,与之产生了共鸣。After the 1970s,Foucault gradually developed a new theory of power that differed from the previous one based on the“repressive hypothesis.”This new theory emphasises the productive and positive character of power,strongly reflecting Foucault’s distinctive perspective.However,it is evident that Canguilhem’s influence on Foucault can be discerned through the key term“norm”in Foucault’s writing from this period.It is widely acknowledged that Foucault recognized that modern societies not only rely on sovereign powers that rule through law but also hinge upon other forms of power that govern through norms.Despite nuances in their respective usages,Canguilhem’s concept of“norm”as an immanent and positive form of life provided Foucault with the conceptual tool to characterize these modern forms of power governing through norms from a positive perspective.This characterization included both the disciplinary power over individuals and the biopower over populations,manifesting through active and positive selection and cultivation of specific values.While repressive effects were possible in this process,they were fundamentally of secondary importance.Furthermore,as Foucault constructed the normative foundations and value judgments in his own theory of power,there was a continued resonance with Canguilhem’s theory of normativity.Just as Canguilhem’s“norm of norms”for judging the strengths and weaknesses of normativity was the functional criterion of whether normativity could continue to produce norms,Foucault’s normative judgment rested on the functional judgment of whether power relations could remain fluid.

关 键 词：福柯 康吉莱姆 规范 正常化 权力 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学] D0[政治法律—政治学]