平行板电容器中介质受力问题的讨论  

Investigation of The Force of Dielectric Medium in Parallel Plate Capacitor

作　　者：陈德智[1] 李卓凡 CHEN Dezhi;LI Zhuofan(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《电气电子教学学报》2023年第4期172-177,共6页Journal of Electrical and Electronic Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11775088)。

摘　　要：用虚功原理计算介质块在平行板电容器中的受力,是一道经典电磁场例题。在忽略边缘效应的情况下,垂直方向的电场如何产生了一个横向的作用力?回顾和分析了历史上的一些讨论,明确了边缘场对介质中电偶极矩的作用是介质受到横向力的根本原因,解释了为什么使用虚功原理可以忽略边缘效应,讨论了介质分界面的受力问题,澄清了一些含糊的说法。Using the principle of virtual work to calculate the force of dielectric block in parallel plate capacitor is a classic example in many textbooks of electromagnetic field.How does a vertical electric field produce a lateral force when edge effects are ignored?In this paper,some discussions around this issue in history are reviewed and analyzed.It is made clear that the effect of the edge field on the electric dipole moment in the medium is the fundamental reason why the medium is subjected to transverse force.Also,why the edge effect can be ignored in the virtual work principle is analyzed.The force on the medium interface is discussed and some misconceptions are cleared out.

关 键 词：静电力 虚位移法 受力机制 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O441-4[文化科学—教育学]