“温度”或“效率”?人工智能使用对员工工作行为的双刃剑效应研究  

"Sensations"or"Efficiency"?A Research on the Double-Edged-Sword Effect of Artificial Intelligence Usage on Employee Work Behaviors

作　　者：穆鑫岩 毛日佑 王婕 Xinyan MU;Jih-Yu MAO;Jie WANG(Business School,NingboTech University,Ningbo 315100;Nottingham University Business School China,University of Nottingham Ningbo China,Ningbo 315100)

机构地区：[1]浙大宁波理工学院商学院,宁波315100 [2]宁波诺丁汉大学商学院,宁波315100

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2023年第9期6-21,共16页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72302122,71902092);教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(22YJC630105);甬江社会科学青年人才培育对象。

摘　　要：随着人工智能在工作场所的应用不断加深,其逐渐演变为员工工作的协作者,人工智能的使用对员工心理及行为的影响仍需深入探索。本研究基于资源保存理论,分别从“温度”和“效率”两个视角出发,探讨人工智能使用对员工工作行为的双刃剑效应,以及团队建设在其中起到的关键性调节作用。本研究对使用人工智能开展工作的全职员工开展三阶段的问卷调研,通过对收回的360份调研数据进行分析,发现:(1)当团队建设较弱时,人工智能使用对员工职场孤独感的正向影响较强,而当团队建设较强时,人工智能使用对员工职场孤独感没有显著的影响;(2)当团队建设较强时,人工智能使用对员工心理可得性的正向影响较强,而当团队建设较弱时,人工智能使用对员工心理可得性没有显著的影响;(3)团队建设越弱,人工智能使用通过职场孤独感对员工社交性网络闲逛产生的间接效应越强;(4)团队建设越强,人工智能使用通过心理可得性对员工工作绩效产生的间接效应越强。本研究有助于深化人工智能使用对员工影响的理解,为组织在发挥人工智能技术优势的同时,规避其潜在的消极影响提供实践启示。As the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the workplace continues to deepen,it is gradually evolving into employees'work collaborators.The impacts of AI usage on employees'psychologies and behaviors are still to be thoroughly explored.Drawing on conservation of resources theory,this research adopts the perspectives of"sensations"and"efficiency"and explores the double-edged-sword effect of AI usage on employee work behaviors.This research also examines team building as a critical moderator for the effects of AI usage.This research conducts a three-wave survey on full-time employees using AI at work.Results based on analyzing data from 360 samples indicate that:(1)the positive effect of AI usage on employee workplace loneliness is stronger when team building is weaker,whereas this effect is nonsignificant when team building is stronger;(2)the positive effect of AI usage on employee psychological availability is stronger when team building is stronger,whereas this effect is nonsignificant when team building is weaker;(3)the indirect effect of AI usage on employee social cyberloafing through workplace loneliness is stronger when team building is weaker;(4)the indirect effect of AI usage on employee job performance through psychological availability is stronger when team building is stronger.This research deepens the understanding of the impacts of AI usage on employees.This research provides practical insights for organizations to reap the technological benefits of AI while mitigating its potential negative effects.

关 键 词：人工智能使用 团队建设 职场孤独感 心理可得性 社交性网络闲逛 工作绩效 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] F272.92[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]