论打击洗钱犯罪体系的完善——以最高人民法院相关规定为视角  

Optimize the System of Combating Money Laundry——From the Perspective of Supreme People's Court's Relevant Provisions

作　　者：刘棽昊 彭曦 Liu Shenhao;Peng Xi(Anshan Public Security Bureau Anshan 114001 Liaoning,China;People's Procuratorate of Jiading District,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省鞍山市公安局,辽宁鞍山114001 [2]上海市嘉定区人民检察院,上海市201800

出　　处：《上海公安学院学报》2023年第4期44-54,共11页Journal of Shanghai Police College

摘　　要：《反洗钱金融行动特别工作组“40+9”建议》(简称《FATF建议》)与国际组织FATF(反洗钱金融行动特别工作组)评估机制对我国洗钱犯罪法律规范影响深远。在此背景下,2021年有关刑法第312条司法解释的修改取消了犯罪数额的入罪门槛,却造成犯罪数额标准适用不清、行政责任与刑事责任的界限模糊等诸多问题。本次取消第312条犯罪数额所造成问题的原因也与国际组织FATF息息相关,直接原因在于洗钱犯罪打击的现实紧迫性,根本原因在于FATF对第312条理解的立法目的与该条款的传统观念并不一致。因而,有必要在《FATF建议》下对第312条的适用提出完善建议,重点在于系统性取消犯罪数额的参考标准、明确多种以行为方式为核心的犯罪情节以及明确掩饰、隐瞒行为的独立性,进而更加符合FATF对我国反洗钱工作的要求,更好地履行我国的国际义务。The Recommendations by Financial Action Task Force(FATF)and international FATF's evaluation mechanism have a profound impact on our country's laws and regulations concerning money laundry.In this context,the amendment to the judicial interpretation of Article 312 in 2021 abolished the threshold for the amount of laundered money,which has caused such problems as the unclear standard of judging the amount of laundered money and the vague boundary between administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility.The reason why the cancellation of Article 312 has led to such problems is closely related with the international FATF.Superficially,it is practical urgency of combating money laundry.Actually,it is the legislative purpose of Article 312 that FATF understands and the traditional conception of this article provisions that do not match each other.Therefore,it is necessary to make suggestions for the better implementation of Article 312 with the guidance of the"FATF Recommendations".Most important of all,it is to systematically cancel the reference standard for the amount of laundered money and make clear a variety of criminal behaviors and circumstances such as covering and concealing.which better meets what the FATF requires of our country to combat such crime,and better fulfills our country's international obligations.

关 键 词：FATF建议 洗钱犯罪 犯罪数额 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]