网暴犯罪自诉转公诉程序中被害人权利保障  

Safeguards for the Rights of Victims in the Process of Transferring Cybercrime from Private Prosecution to Public Prosecution

作　　者：郑曦[1] 杨宇轩 ZHENG Xi;YANG Yuxuan

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2023年第5期76-84,170,171,共11页Yuejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：随着严重危害社会秩序的网暴犯罪日益频发,处于弱势地位的被害人难以通过自诉程序达到理想的追诉效果,故需建立严重网暴犯罪自诉转公诉通道。自诉转公诉程序以解决被害人告诉不力、取证困难等问题为导向,以诉权转移为方式,其目的在于兼顾社会整体利益和诉讼参与人个人权益。在自诉转公诉程序衔接中,应充分保障被害人权利,明确规定网暴案件严重危害社会秩序的定量标准,要求司法机关将程序转换事实充分告知被害人并听取意见,赋予被害人程序复议权。在转化为公诉程序后,应保障被害人公诉程序参与权、实体处分权和量刑建议权。在案件执行程序中,落实刑罚执行制度保护被害人的获得赔偿权,完善个人信息保护制度,保护被害人遗忘权。With the increasingly frequent occurrence of cyber violence crimes that seriously jeopardize the social order,victims in a vulnerable position are difficult to achieve the desired results through the private prosecution process.Therefore,there is a need to establish a channel for the transfer of serious cyber violence crimes from private prosecution to public prosecution.The procedure for transferring private prosecution to public prosecution is oriented towards solving the problems of victims’ineffective reporting and difficulties in obtaining evidence,and is based on the transfer of prosecution rights.The purpose of this procedure is to balance the interests of society as a whole and the rights and interests of individual litigants.In the connection with the procedure for the transfer of private prosecution to public prosecution,the rights of victims should be fully safeguarded,and the quantitative criteria for cases of cyber violence that seriously jeopardize the social order should be clearly stipulated.The rights of victims should be fully safeguarded in the convergence of private prosecution to public prosecution procedures,by clearly defining the quantitative standards of serious harm to the social order in cases of cyber violence,requiring the judicial organs to fully inform the victims of the facts of procedural conversion and to listen to their views,and granting victims the right to procedural review.Victims should be given the right to procedural review.After conversion to public prosecution proceedings,victims should be guaranteed the right to participate in public prosecution proceedings,the right to substantive disposition and the right to make sentencing recommendations.In case execution procedures,the implementation of the penalty enforcement system protects the victim’s right to compensation,and the improvement of the personal information protection system protects the victim’s right to be forgotten.

关 键 词：网暴犯罪 自诉转公诉 被害人权利 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]