基于径流小区实测的干热河谷土壤侵蚀荟萃分析  

A Meta-analysis on Soil Erosion in the Dry-hot Valleys Based on Runoff-plot Data

作　　者：何敏怡 钟荣华 郭乾坤[2] 段兴武 单志杰[2] HE Minyi;ZHONG Ronghua;GUO Qiankun;DUAN Xingwu;SHAN Zhijie(Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,昆明650500 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第5期291-297,304,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007068)。

摘　　要：为详细了解干热河谷地区的土壤侵蚀状况,通过对径流小区资料的广泛收集、整理和标准化分析,对干热河谷主要土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀模数和水土保持措施效益进行定量评价,并将当地主要土地利用类型平均坡度下的土壤侵蚀模数与容许土壤流失量进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)灌草地、农地、园地和裸地等主要土地利用类型标准坡长坡度条件下的土壤侵蚀模数分别为110.88,389.58,320.66,507.87 t/(km^(2)·a),呈现出裸地最大,农地和园地次之,灌草地最低的特点。(2)封禁、水平阶整地、梯田和植物篱等水土保持措施均能较好地发挥水土保持效益,平均可以减少72%的土壤侵蚀量。(3)各流域主要土地利用类型,特别是农地和园地在当地平均坡度下的土壤侵蚀模数明显高于容许土壤流失量,说明该地区土壤侵蚀状况仍相当严峻。研究结果将有助于进一步深化对干热河谷地区土壤侵蚀规律的认识,并为后续水土流失治理和水土保持措施优化配置提供技术支撑。In order to gain a detailed understanding of the soil erosion status in the dry-hot valley region,in this study,the measured data from runoff plots in dry-hot valleys were widely collected,organized and analyzed,thus the soil erosion modulus under the average slope of the local main land use types were estimated and compared with the allowable soil loss amount.The results indicated that:(1)The soil erosion modulus of shrub-grass land,agricultural land,orchard land and bare land under the standard slope length and slope gradient was 110.88,389.58,320.66 and 507.87 t/(km^(2)·a),respectively,indicating that soil erosion modulus in the bare land was the highest,followed by the agricultural land,orchard land and shrub-grass land.(2)Soil and water conservation measures such as lockdowns,horizontal terraces,terraces and hedgerows all played an important role in reducing soil erosion with the average reduction of 72%.(3)The soil erosion modulus of the main land use types,especially agricultural land and orchard land in all the dry-hot valleys,were significantly higher than the allowable soil loss under the local average slope,indicating that the soil erosion situation in the region was still quite severe.This study could help to further deepen the understanding of the soil erosion principles in the dry-hot valleys and provide important technical supports for subsequent soil erosion control and optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures.

关 键 词：干热河谷 径流小区 土壤侵蚀 水土保持措施 容许土壤流失量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]