基于不同用途大豆的特征品质指标筛选及优势产区品种确定  

Quality Characteristics of Soybeans for Different Purposes and Identification of Superior Production Areas and Varieties

作　　者：丁俭 沈舒晗 李淑英[2] 蔡蔚 李志海 严曲 黄天航 王凤忠[2] 方勇 DING Jian;SHEN Shuhan;LI Shuying;CAI Wei;LI Zhihai;YAN Qu;HUANG Tianhang;WANG Fengzhong;FANG Yong(College of Food Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety,Nanjing 210023,China;Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products(Beijing),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏南京210023 [2]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京),北京100193

出　　处：《食品科学》2023年第17期11-19,共9页Food Science

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2020043);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_0651)。

摘　　要：基于油料用、饲料用大豆的不同用途,分析我国4个大豆主产区40个主栽品种的品质指标差异,通过对每种用途大豆10个重要品质指标的检测,以及单因素方差分析、主成分分析和组合赋权法模型构建,筛选出适合不同用途大豆的特征性品质指标和优势产区及品种。结果表明:除色泽气味和碳水化合物含量2个指标外,不同产区、不同品种大豆的品质指标差异均达到显著水平(P<0.01,P<0.001)。通过主成分分析中的因子分析提取粗脂肪含量、VE含量、杂质含量、损伤率、水分含量和磷脂含量6个指标作为油料用大豆的特征品质指标;确定饲料用大豆的特征品质指标为7S/11S球蛋白比例、蛋白质溶解比率、粗脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、杂质含量、损伤率和大豆异黄酮含量7个品质指标。以组合赋权法构建评价模型,分别筛选出适用于油料用、饲料用综合得分前10位的大豆品种和对应主产区,并通过聚类分析按照油料、饲料两种用途将具有类似品质特性的大豆分别归为5个和9个类群。本研究可为我国不同主产区大豆的品质评价、专用方向确定和品种选育提供一定的理论依据。The differences in quality properties between 40 major oil and feed soybean varieties in four major production areas of China were analyzed.Ten key quality indexes of soybean for each purpose were determined.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and principal component analysis(PCA)were carried out,and a model was proposed using combination weighting method in order to select the quality characteristics of soybeans for different purposes and the superior soybean production areas and varieties.Significant differences in all quality properties except color,odor and carbohydrate content were found among varieties and production areas(P<0.01 or P<0.001).In the PCA,crude fat content,vitamin E(VE)content,impurity content,damage ratio,moisture content,and phospholipid content were extracted by factor analysis as key quality characteristics of oil soybean.For feed soybean,seven key quality characteristics including 7S/11S protein,protein dissolution ratio,crude fat content,protein content,impurity content,damage ratio,and soybean isoflavone content were identified.Using the proposed model,top 10 oil and feed soybean varieties with the highest comprehensive score and their major production areas were selected.Using cluster analysis,the oil and feed soybeans were assigned intofive and nine groups with similar quality characteristics,respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis for quality evaluation of soybeans from different major production areas in China and specialty soybean variety selection.

关 键 词：大豆 油料用大豆 饲料用大豆 品质特征 主成分分析 组合赋权法 聚类分析 

分 类 号：TS210.7[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]