我国行政诉讼情况判决适用之困境与出路——以127份裁判文书为样本  

Dilemma and Solution of Application of Situational Judgments in Administrative Litigation:Based on Sample of 127 Judgment Documents

作　　者：林丽娜 LIN Li-na(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《红河学院学报》2023年第5期89-95,共7页Journal of Honghe University

摘　　要：情况判决滥觞于二战后的日本,作为一种经由个人与公益博弈后使得法治原则妥协于既成事实之裁判形式,有其适用的特殊时代背景。我国行政诉讼法中亦有类似立法,它无疑在维护国家、社会公共利益方面发挥了作用。然该判决形式却是以法律逻辑无法自圆其说、削弱相对人权益保护及法治原则之背离为代价。它实则是实质法治观念的产物,但现阶段诸多法律制度尚未达到至臻至善的地步,或可以利益衡量定位情况判决,缓解司法实践中情况判决上诉率高,实质性解决行政争议效果甚微之困境。故亟需规范行政机关作出行政行为的程序,明确其适用范围与适用标准。谦抑性适用《行政诉讼法》第74条第1款、强化利益冲突时利益衡量之论证和不确定法律概念的正当解释,制度环境成熟时或可考虑情况判决之摈弃。Situational judgment originated in Japan after World War II.Similar legislation exists in China’s Administrative Litigation Law,which undoubtedly plays a role in safeguarding the national and social public interests.However,the form of the judgment is at the cost of legal logic being unable to justify itself,weakening the protection of the rights and interests of the other party,and deviating from the principles of the rule of law.It is actually a product of the concept of substantive rule of law,but at present,many legal systems have not yet reached the point of perfection,or can be used to measure interests and position judgments,alleviating the high appeal rate of judgments in judicial practice and the limited effectiveness of substantive resolution of administrative disputes.Therefore,it is urgent to standardize the procedures for administrative organs to make administrative actions,clarify their scope of application and standards of application.When the institutional environment is mature,it may be possible to consider the abandonment of judgments based on circumstances.

关 键 词：情况判决 法治背离 利益衡量 谦抑性适用 规范适用条件 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]