以色列三轨并行高考制度的形成、特征及启示  

The Formation,Characteristics and Implications of the Three-Track College Entrance Examination System in Israel

作　　者：隋译征 尤铮 SUI Yizheng;YOU Zheng(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Jerusalem 9190501,Israel;Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]耶路撒冷希伯来大学,耶路撒冷9190501 [2]北京外国语大学,北京100089

出　　处：《中国考试》2023年第10期62-70,共9页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2022年度北京市社会科学基金规划项目青年课题“新发展格局下北京高等职业教育‘走出去’的品牌建设研究”(22JYC017)。

摘　　要：以色列是“一带一路”沿线具有重要影响力的发达国家之一,其教育体系以高水平、多元化著称。针对境内犹太人、阿拉伯人等不同群体的教育需求,以色列实施多元化的大学考试招生录取方式。目前,以色列已经形成三轨并行的高考制度(以下简称“三轨制”),即以色列高中毕业考试、心理测试及以色列控制下东耶路撒冷地区的巴勒斯坦全国高中毕业考试。在高中阶段,学生有课程、考试难度、考试时间与考试次数上的选择机会以及多样化的成绩计算方式。多元化的教育与考评体系为以色列培养了大批拥有创新思维的优秀学生。以色列高考三轨制在扩大考生选择权、完善多元评价机制等方面对我国高考改革具有一定的借鉴价值。Israel is one of the developed countries with a great power of influence along"the Belt and Road",and is known for its high-level and diverse education system.In response to the educational needs of different groups,such as Jews and Arabs,Israel implements various approaches for its college entrance examination.Israel has a three-track college entrance examination system:Bagrut,Psychometric Test,and Tawjihi,each of which has a primary target group and is open to other groups as well.Students can choose the difficulty of courses and exams,the time and number of exams,and a variety of ways to calculate grades.The diversified education and evaluation system has cultivated a large number of innovative talents for Israel.The Israeli three-track system has positive implications in terms of expanding students'choices and improving diverse evaluation mechanisms.

关 键 词：以色列高考 三轨制 多元评价 学习单元制 高考改革 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]