机车柴油机极低摩擦环境构建及应用  

Construction and Application of Extremely low Friction Environment for Locomotive Diesel Engine

作　　者：曹琦 白志民[2] 杨其明 祝胜利 邝平 CAO Qi;BAI Zhimin;YANG Qiming;ZHU Shengli;KUANG Ping(Beijing Moan Tianjie Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100088,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Science and Technology Research Institute,China Railway Beijing Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100089,China;Hangzhou Rolling Stock Depot,China Railway Shanghai Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311199,China;Guangzhou Locomotive Depot,China Railway Guangzhou Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou Guangdong 510499,China)

机构地区：[1]北京摩安天捷科技有限公司,北京100088 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]中国铁路北京局集团有限公司北京科学技术研究所,北京100089 [4]中国铁路上海局集团有限公司杭州机辆段,浙江杭州311199 [5]中国铁路广州局集团有限公司广州机务段,广东广州510499

出　　处：《中国铁路》2023年第8期61-68,共8页China Railway

摘　　要：机械摩擦副的摩擦磨损是影响设备运行状况、使用效率、服役寿命、能源利用率以及排放物水平的重要因素。提出金属表面自适应增材强化技术工程概念,可以实现机车柴油机金属摩擦副表面极低摩擦状态的在线自适应构建。将功能材料在线介入摩擦接触区域,借助摩擦能量激发功能材料与运动副界面交互作用,通过摩擦化学反应、物理削峰填谷及机械抛光效应,实现摩擦副接触表面的强化改性和自适应增材,自动补偿磨损超差,动态优化配副间隙,靶向修复磨损区域,在固液多元复合润滑状态下实现表面磨损和增材补偿的动态平衡,构建运动副间极低摩擦、极小磨损的运行状态。在机车柴油机中应用表明,金属表面自适应增材强化技术改变了摩擦副间的跑和方式和运动副间摩擦匹配性,可明显降低摩擦副的摩擦磨损、提高设备运行效率、降低设备全寿命周期能耗和运维成本,降本增效、节能减排效果良好。Friction and wear of mechanical friction pairs is an important factor affecting equipment operation status,service efficiency,service life,energy utilization rate and emission level.In this article,the engineering concept of metal surface self-adaptive additive strengthening technology is proposed,which can realize the online self-adaptive construction of extremely low friction state of locomotive diesel engine on metal friction pair surfaces.Functional materials are inserted online into the friction contact area,and the interaction between functional materials and kinematic pair interfaces is excited by friction energy.Through tribochemical reactions,physical peak shaving and mechanical polishing effects,the strengthening modification and self-adaptive additive of the contact surface of friction pairs are realized to automatically compensate for wear out-of-tolerance,dynamically optimize the clearance between matching pairs,repair the worn areas in a targeted manner,and realize the dynamic balance between surface wear and additive compensation under solid-liquid multi-component composite lubrication state.The operating status of extremely low friction and minimal wear between kinematic pairs is built.The application in locomotive diesel engine shows that the metal surface self-adaptive additive strengthening technology has changed the running mode between friction pairs and the friction matching between kinematic pairs,which can significantly reduce the friction and wear of friction pairs,improve the operation efficiency of equipment,reduce the energy consumption and O&M cost in the full life cycle of equipment,and have a good effect on cost reduction,efficiency increase,energy conservation and emission reduction.

关 键 词：机车柴油机 摩擦磨损 金属表面自生强化 固液多元复合润滑 极低摩擦 配和间隙优化 节能减排 降本增效 

分 类 号：U262.11[机械工程—车辆工程]