汉语的词重音:原理、结构与表征  

Word Stress in Chinese:Principles,Structures and Representations

作　　者：冯胜利 林晓燕 Feng Shengli;Lin Xiaoyan(Faculty of Linguistic Sciences,Beijing Language and Cultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京100083

出　　处：《长江学术》2023年第4期63-77,共15页Yangtze River Academic

摘　　要：从汉语(词)重音的原理(亦即相对凸显映射规则Relative Prominence Projection Rule,RPPR)分析,重音具有“不是东西,而是关系”的本质属性。致使汉语词重音长期以来莫衷一是的诸多原因中,对“重音是关系,关系是结构”的理解是重中之重。从汉语词重音的语音、形态和句法的表现特征看,“重化”与“轻化”都是汉语“(词)重音”原理性的自然与必然的表现;而《现代汉语词典》中“轻读”(≠轻声)范畴的揭举与建立,以及汉语“四字格”重音模式的事实,都无可辩驳地说明汉语的词重音不仅存在,而且有自身结构及其语体语法上的不同功能。This paper mainly studies the problem of word stress in Chinese,focusing on the principle of(word)stress(that is,the Relative Prominence Projection Rule,RPPR),and revealing the essential properties of stress,that stress is“not an entity,but a relationship”.It is shown that among the many reasons that have caused the long-term inconsistency in the word stress of Chinese,the understanding that“stress is a relationship and the relationship is a structure”is the most important one.Based on the phonetic,morphological and syntactic characteristic of Chinese word stress,this article will explain that“stress”and“reduction”are both natural and inevitable representations of the principle of(word)stress in Chinese.And the discovery and establish of the category of“Qingdu”words(destressed words)in Modern Chinese Dictionary and the fact that the stress pattern of Chinese“Four Character Maxims”irrefutably show that Chinese word stress not only exists,but also has different categorical functions in Stylistic-Register Grammar.

关 键 词：词重音 相对凸显映射规则 生理韵律 减重凸显 语体重音 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]