基于多元要素时空均衡模型的乡村基础教育设施布局——以托幼设施规划为例  

Location Method of Rural Basic Education Facilities Based on the Multi-feature Spatiotemporal Equilibrium Model:A Case Study of the Planning of Childcare Facilities

作　　者：刘泽 刘子腾 LIU Ze;LIU Ziteng(Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报》2023年第10期1050-1064,共15页Journal of Beijing University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51808010)。

摘　　要：针对目前以静态数据及单一目标为主的教育设施规划难以适应乡村地区时空发展特征的问题,提出一种基于多元要素时空均衡模型的基础教育设施布局方法。首先通过辨析乡村地区人口、土地、成本等要素的时空变化特征及其对教育设施布局的影响作用,构建以居民出行效率、土地集约水平和建设经济效益为复合约束条件的优化目标函数;其次,在传统P-median模型中引入人口规模、村镇用地等时间序列数据,基于禁忌搜索算法建立教育设施布局的时空均衡模型,实现对规划全周期下设施数量与空间布局最优解的计算;最后,以北京市Y乡镇公办托幼设施规划为例进行实证检验。结果表明基于优化方法得出的最优解在设施建设成本、用地成本及总体成本控制上均明显优于原有规划方案及传统设施布局方案。该文提出的多元要素时空均衡模型更适应乡村地区土地与人口结构的时空变化趋势,有利于乡村教育资源公平均衡的长效保障。To address the issue that the current planning method based on static data and single goal is incompatible with the spatial temporal development characteristics of rural areas,a location method of basic education facilities based on the multi-feature spatiotemporal equilibrium model was proposed.First,by identifying the spatial temporal variation characteristics of“Population-Land-Cost”in rural areas and analyzing their influence on the location of educational facilities,this paper proposed an optimization objective function using residents'travel efficiency,intensive land use,and construction economic efficiency as compound constraints.Second,time series data such as population and land use of villages was introduced into the traditional P-median model to establish a spatial temporal equilibrium model based on the Tabu search algorithm,thus realizing the optimal solution for the number of facilities and spatial location for the whole period.Finally,taking the planning of public childcare facilities of Town Y in Beijing as an example,the results show that the optimized solution obtained by the spatiotemporal equilibrium method is significantly superior to both the original planning scheme and location scheme in terms of facility construction cost,land use cost,and overall cost.Therefore,this model fits with the development trend of land and population structure in rural areas,thereby ensuring the fairness and equilibrium of accessing rural education resources in the long term.

关 键 词：时空特征 乡村地区 基础教育设施 布局优化 P-median模型 村庄规划 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]