不同覆盖模式对旱地马铃薯土壤水热变化和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Modes on Soil Moisture,Temperature and Yield of Potato in Dry Land

作　　者：张蓉[1] 陈晓文 路平 尤艳蓉 周德录 李德明 Zhang Rong;Chen Xiaowen;Lu Ping;You Yanrong;Zhou Delu;Li Deming(Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tongwei County,Dingxi 743300,Gansu,China;Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743099,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省通渭县农业技术推广中心,甘肃定西743300 [2]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [3]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743099

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第5期145-150,共6页Crops

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项“优质抗旱加工专用马铃薯新品种选育”(GZGG-2021-5)。

摘　　要：为探究西北半干旱区不同覆盖种植模式对马铃薯产量和土壤水热的影响,通过大田试验研究了秸秆粉碎覆盖(T1)、全膜大垄(T2)、半膜平覆(T3)、露地平作(CK)4种覆盖种植模式对当地马铃薯田土壤水热、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理分别提高马铃薯出苗至成熟期的平均土壤贮水量7.7%、3.4%和1.5%,土层间以下层土壤的增墒幅度最大。T1处理分别较CK显著降低马铃薯各生育时期和各土层的土壤温度1.3℃和1.4℃,而T2和T3处理全生育期土壤温度分别较CK明显提高了1.3℃和1.0℃。与CK相比,覆盖明显提高了马铃薯单薯重和商品薯率,且增幅均以T1处理最大。覆盖显著提高了马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理产量分别提高18.9%、17.7%和13.9%,水分利用效率分别提高16.3%、15.7%和11.9%。综合马铃薯田土壤水热利用状况、产量和水分利用效率等因素,秸秆粉碎覆盖是一种高产高效的种植方式,能显著提高旱作区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,适宜旱作区马铃薯生产。In order to explore the effects of different mulching planting modes on potato yield and soil water and temperature in northwest semi-arid area,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different mulching planting modes[straw crushing and mulching(T1),full film ridge(T2),half film flat mulching(T3)and open field flat planting(CK)]on soil water and temperature,yield and water use efficiency in local potato fields.The results showed that compared with CK,T1,T2 and T3 treatments could significantly increase the average soil water storage from emergence to maturity of potato by 7.7%,3.4%and 1.5%,respectively,and the increase of soil moisture in the lower layer of soil layer was the largest.Compared with CK,T1 treatment significantly reduced the soil temperature of potato in each growth period and soil layer by 1.3℃and 1.4℃,respectively,while the soil temperature of T2 and T3 treatments in the whole growth period was significantly higher than that of CK by 1.3℃and 1.0℃,respectively.Compared with CK,mulching significantly improved the weight of single potato and the rate of commercial potato,and the increase was the largest in T1 treatment.Mulching significantly improved potato yield and water use efficiency.The yields of T1,T2 and T3 treatments were higher than CK by 18.9%,17.7%and 13.9%,respectively,and the water use efficiency increased by 16.3%,15.7%and 11.9%,respectively.Considering the soil moisture and temperature use status,yield and water use efficiency of potato field,straw crushing and mulching was a high-yield and efficient planting method,which can significantly improve the potato yield and water use efficiency in dry farming area.It was suitable for potato production in dry farming area.

关 键 词：秸秆粉碎覆盖 地膜覆盖 马铃薯 土壤水热 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]