近视的表观遗传学机制  

Epigenetic mechanism of myopia

作　　者：龚蔚(综述) 刘堃[2] 何鲜桂(审校)[1,2] Gong Wei;Liu Kun;He Xiangui(Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center,Shanghai Eye Hospital,Shanghai Vision Health Center&Shanghai Children Myopia Institute,Shanghai 200050,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases,Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases,Shanghai 200080,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市眼病防治中心,上海市眼科医院/上海市视觉健康中心,上海200050 [2]上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院,国家眼部疾病临床医学研究中心,上海200080

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2023年第9期939-943,共5页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0840607);上海市公共卫生优秀学科带头人培养计划项目(GWV-10.2-XD09)。

摘　　要：近视已成为重要的公共卫生问题,然而,目前近视的发病机制仍不明确,有效干预手段相对匮乏。主流观点认为近视受到遗传因素和环境因素的共同影响,其中表观遗传可能在近视的发生发展中起关键作用。表观遗传是指在基因表达过程中发生的不涉及DNA序列改变的基因表达水平和功能上的改变,主要包括DNA甲基化、非编码RNA(微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA等)、组蛋白修饰和mRNA修饰等,它们相互作用构成复杂的调控网络,参与近视的病理生理过程,通过调控巩膜基质重塑、眼球细胞增生、视网膜发育等过程共同调节眼球的形态特征,并最终影响近视的发生发展。表观遗传为探索近视干预靶点带来新思路,目前已成为近视基础研究领域的热点。本文对近视表观遗传学的研究进展进行综述,为相关研究实施提供参考。Myopia has become a serious public health problem,but its pathogenesis is still unclear,and effective interventions are relatively scarce.It is recognized that myopia is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,in which epigenetics may play a key role.Epigenetics refers to the changes in gene expression and function that do not involve DNA sequence variation.Mainly including DNA methylation,non-coding RNA(microRNA,long non-coding RNA and circular RNA,etc.),histone modification and mRNA modification,epigenetic modifications interact to form a complex regulatory network in the pathophysiological process of myopia.By controlling the process of scleral matrix remodeling,eye cell proliferation and retinal development,the morphological characteristics of the eye are jointly regulated,ultimately affecting the onset and development of myopia.Epigenetics has provided new targets of myopia intervention and has become a hotspot in the field.In this paper,we reviewed the current findings of myopia epigenetics to provide a reference for related research.

关 键 词：近视 表观遗传 DNA甲基化 非编码RNA 组蛋白修饰 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]