自杀未遂住院的抑郁症患者自杀前心理体验的定性研究  

A qualitative study of psychological experience of inpatients with depression before suicide attempt

作　　者：张春苗 王志稳[1] 李献云[2] 徐恩瑶[2] 李娜 安会梅 ZHANG Chunmiao;WANG Zhiwen;LI Xianyun;XU Enyao;LI Na;AN Huimei(School of Nursing,Peking University,Bejing 100191,China;Bejing HuilongguanHospital,Bejing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学护理学院,北京100191 [2]北京回龙观医院,北京100096

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2023年第10期840-845,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:了解抑郁症患者自杀前2周的主观体验,探究患者自杀前的主观体验和认知特点,为抑郁症患者自杀风险的评估和干预提供依据。方法:选取某三级甲等精神专科医院收治的2周内有自杀未遂史的抑郁症患者22例,对其自杀前的主观体验及自我评价、死亡态度、疾病认知进行深入访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果:抑郁症患者自杀前的负性感受增强、社会联结感降低,对自我、死亡和疾病的认知普遍存在认知歪曲,其中极端化认知歪曲突出。结论:临床上应特别关注负性感受强烈、极端化的认知歪曲突出和社会联结感低的抑郁症患者,并制定有针对性的心理干预措施,以降低此类患者的自杀危险性。Objective:To understand the psychological experience of inpatients with depression before suicide attempt two weeks ago,explore their cognitive characteristics,and provide evidence for the assessment and interven-tion of patients with depression with high suicide risk.Methods:Individual in-depth interviews were conducted a-mong 22 patients with depression who attempted suicide during the past 2 weeks.The subjects were admitted to a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Beijingfrom March 2021 to December 2021.Colaizzi 7-step analysis was used as ac-ontextanalysis.Results:The negative feeling of patients with depression before suicide attempt was enhanced,and the sense of social connectedness was reduced.The cognitive distortions of self,death and disease were common a-mong these patients,and particularly their white-or-black thinking was prominent.Conclusion:In clinical practice,special attention should be paid to patients with depression who exhibit strong negative feelings,extreme cognitive distortion and low sense of social connectedness,and targeted psychological intervention measures should be con-ducted among the patients to reduce their suicide risk.

关 键 词：抑郁症 自杀未遂 社会联结感 认知歪曲 定性研究 

分 类 号：R749.41[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] C913.9[医药卫生—临床医学]