利用线结构光的异型微小构件几何尺寸测量方法  

Line-Structured Light Based Micro-Irregular Component Geometric Dimension Measurement Method

作　　者：马自勇 张富泉 马立东 马贺琛 杭嘉濠 Ma Ziyong;Zhang Fuquan;Ma Lidong;Ma Hechen;Hang Jiahao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,Shanxi,China;High-End Equipment and Rail Transit Technology R&D Center of Haian Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Haian 226600,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学机械工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]海安太原科大高端装备及轨道交通技术研发中心,江苏海安226600

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2023年第15期175-183,共9页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究计划面上青年项目(201901D211292);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项项目(2020XXX009);来晋工作优秀博士奖励资金(20202036);太原科技大学研究生创新项目(XCX212051,XCX212056)。

摘　　要：异型微小构件是一种通过轧制、挤压、拉拔等工艺制成的形状复杂、加工边界不规则的结构件,被广泛应用于高端钟表、电子五金、医疗器材等行业。在目前的生产过程中,多通过人工利用显微镜实现异型微小构件的几何尺寸测量,存在劳动强度大、生产效率低、测量精度不稳定等问题。鉴于此,提出一种利用线结构光的异型微小构件几何尺寸测量方法。首先,利用张正友标定法获取工业相机内外参数和畸变系数,结合Steger细化法和最小二乘法对线结构光平面进行标定;其次,基于Microsoft Foundation Classes和OpenCV编制异型微小构件几何尺寸测量程序;最后,利用标准量块对该方法的测量精度和可重复性进行评价,开展3种规格的异型微小构件几何尺寸测量试验。结果表明,无论是在宽度方向还是高度方向,该方法的整体测量误差均小于0.1 mm。该方法达到了较高的测量精度,能满足实际生产需求。Micro-irregular components manufactured via rolling,extrusion,and drawing have complex shapes with irregular processing sections.This structural element is widely utilized in devices such as high-end clocks,electronics,and medical appliances.Currently,the geometric dimension measurements of micro-irregular components are realized by using a microscope during the manufacturing process.However,this method is labor intensive with low production efficiency and unstable measurement accuracy.Therefore,a line-structured light based micro-irregular component geometric dimension measurement method is proposed in this study.First,the internal and external parameters as well as the distortion coefficients of the industrial camera are obtained by implementing the calibration method by Zhang Zhengyou,while the line-structured light plane is calibrated using the Steger thinning method and least squares method.Second,a micro-irregular component geometric dimension measurement program is developed using Microsoft Foundation Classes and OpenCV.Finally,the measurement accuracy and repeatability of the method are evaluated by using the standard gauge block and the geometric dimension measurement test of three kinds of micro-irregular component.The results reveal that the overall measurement errors of this method are less than 0.1 mm in both width and height,achieving high measurement accuracy to meet the needs of actual production.

关 键 词：数字图像处理 线结构光 异型构件 参数标定 测量试验 

分 类 号：TM930.1[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]