弗里德里希·席勒的国家观  

Friedrich Schiller’s Concept of State

作　　者：毛明超 Mao Mingchao

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2023年第3期85-105,199,共22页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：“国家”这一政治哲学核心概念也是魏玛古典文学代表人物弗里德里希·席勒关注的焦点。不同于费希特或黑格尔等对国家的推崇,席勒在历史讲演《吕库古与梭伦的立法》中强调,国家并非目的,在剧作《唐·卡洛斯》及相关文本中指出个人并非手段,而是如康德和洪堡一样将促进人的全面发展视为政治共同体的根本要旨。在《审美教育书简》中,席勒借助国家与个体的同构论,勾勒了一条借助艺术完善人性、塑造审美国度的政治改良主义路径。尽管含有乌托邦色彩,但席勒的国家观正因此在德国历史的黑暗年代成为难能可贵的警醒之声。The central concept of political philosophy,the state,is also the focus of Friedrich Schiller,the representative person of the Weimar Classics.Unlike Fichte or Hegel,who hold in esteem the concept of state,Schiller emphasizes in his historical lecture“The Legislation of Lycurgus and Solon”that the state is never the end,and underlines in his play“Don Carlos”and other relevant texts that the individuals are never merely the means.He considers the promotion of the comprehensive development of individuals as the fundamental purpose of political community,just like Kant and Humboldt.By drawing on the idea of isomorphism of state and person,Schiller outlines in his“Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man”a path of political reform by shaping an aesthetic state through the perfection of human nature.Despite its utopian overtones,Schiller’s concept of state becomes an extremely rare alarm in the darkest years of German history.

关 键 词：席勒 国家观 《吕库古与梭伦的立法》 《唐·卡洛斯》 《审美教育书简》 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学] D0