现实主义书写中的“社会奇幻”——评巴尔扎克《改邪归正的梅莫特》对马图林哥特小说的戏仿  

The “Fantastique Social”in the Realistic Writings:Parody of Maturin's Gothic Novel in Balzac's Melmoth réconcilié

作　　者：沈亚男 Shen Yanan(Foreign Language Department,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学外国语学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《外国文学》2023年第5期69-80,共12页Foreign Literature

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“1830年代法国‘黑色小说’中的‘疫情’题材研究”(20WWC002);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“欧洲大霍乱时期(1831-1838)的‘黑色小说’创作研究”(2020SJA0103)

摘　　要：《改邪归正的梅莫特》是青年巴尔扎克实践奇幻题材的收官之作。作家不仅借用和改写了马图林哥特小说《漫游者梅莫特》中的“契约”主题,而且将现实场域和社会批判视角融入传统奇幻叙事之中,从而创造出独特的“社会奇幻”文类风格。他将复辟时代的巴黎改造成阴暗的哥特式城市,将小资产阶级代表梅莫特塑造成超自然力量退化的魔鬼,并让原本神圣的灵魂契约贬值,使其成为金融市场上流通的商品。巴尔扎克通过戏仿马图林的哥特小说,呈现了世俗化的现代法国金钱社会中欲望泛滥和道德沦丧的恐怖图景。《改邪归正的梅莫特》具有现代社会经济学观察视角和道德风俗批判意识,因此成为以现实主义书写为要旨的《人间喜剧》的重要组成部分。Melmoth réconcilié is young Balzac's last work in the period of creating his"conte fantastique"series.The writer borrowed and rewrote the"pacte"theme of Maturin's Melmoth the wanderer and imported the realistic circumstance and the perspective of social criticism into the traditional"fantastique"narrative.He then created the unique generic style of"fantastique social."He transformed Paris during the Bourbon Restoration into a dark gothic city,and the little bourgeois Melmoth into a degraded devil equipped with limited supernatural power.The originally sacred pact was devalued and turned into a piece of financial merchandise.In parodying Maturin's gothic novel,Balzac depicted a horrifying picture of excessive desire and moral decay within France's modern secularized money society.Having a modern social economic perspective and a critical awareness of moral customs,Melmoth réconcilié became an essential part of La Comedie humaine,which focused on realistic writing.

关 键 词：巴尔扎克 《改邪归正的梅莫特》 社会奇幻 马图林 哥特小说 

分 类 号：I565[文学—其他各国文学]