秸秆降解菌系对玉米秸秆发酵的影响  

Effects on Maize Stalk Fermentation:Straw Degrading Bacteria

作　　者：杨陶阳 萨如拉[1,2] 晔薷罕 杨恒山[1] 韩烽[1] 吴清云 YANG Taoyang;SA Rula;YE Ruhan;YANG Hengshan;HAN Feng;WU Qingyun(Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000;State Key Laboratory of eco-agriculture of Horqin Sandy Land,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 028000;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]科尔沁沙地生态农业国家民委重点实验室,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]内蒙古农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第27期45-51,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目“低温秸秆降解复合菌系作用机制与途径研究”(31960383);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米大豆复合种植产量效率与地力协同提升生理生态机制”(2022ZY0032);科尔沁沙地生态农业国家民委重点实验室开放基金项目“玉米大豆轮作增产增效生理生态机制研究”(MDK2022025)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆降解菌系发酵秸秆效果,以秸秆堆(A)、腐熟堆肥(B)、秸秆还田土壤(C)、腐烂羊粪(D)为菌源筛选的秸秆降解菌系和生产中主推秸秆腐熟剂(E)为试材,与灭菌蒸馏水(CK1)对照,接种于玉米秸秆20℃发酵。通过测定45、52、59 d发酵物浸出液理化性质、秸秆腐熟度及微生物数量,鉴选降解效果好的发酵液;发酵液用土壤浸出液适当稀释,并水培玉米,测定幼苗农艺性状及生理指标,研究秸秆发酵进程。发酵观测期B处理滤纸酶活性和纤维素酶活性较稳定、含氮量较高、对种子发芽率无影响,其固氮菌、解钾细菌、有机无机磷细菌数大于其余处理,并显著提高幼苗株高、根长、根数、根冠比、根鲜重、叶绿素含量、根系SOD和POD活性。接种秸秆降解菌系可加快秸秆降解,增强玉米幼苗抗逆性。In order to clarify the effect of straw-degrading strains on straw fermentation,the straw degradation strains screened from straw compost(a),compost(b),straw returning soil(c),sheep manure(d),and the main straw decomposing agent(E)in the production were used as the test materials,and compared with the sterilized distilled water(CK1),the corn straw was inoculated at 20℃for fermentation.The physicochemical properties,straw maturity and microbial quantity of 45,52,59 days fermentation were determined,and the fermentation broth with good degradation effect was selected.The fermentation broth was diluted with soil extract,and the corn was cultured in the culture broth.The agronomic characters and physiological indexes of the seedlings were determined to study the process of straw fermentation.During the observation period of fermentation,the activity of filter paper enzyme and cellulase in treatment B was more stable,the content of nitrogen was higher,and had no effect on the germination rate of seeds,the seedling height,root length,root number,root-shoot ratio,root fresh weight,chlorophyll content,SOD and POD activities of roots were significantly increased.Inoculation of straw degradation strains could accelerate straw degradation and enhance stress resistance of maize seedlings.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 发酵 秸秆降解菌系 玉米幼苗 水培 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]