基于循证医学方法对国内外动物实验伦理培训方法的分析与总结  

Methods of animal experiment ethics training at home and abroad:an evidence-based analysis and summary

作　　者：廖光能 陈正举 陈蕾[4] 杨光[2] LIAO Guangneng;CHEN Zhengju;CHEN Lei;YANG Guang(Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center(HMRRC),West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,P.R.China;Animal Experimental Center,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,P.R.China;Science and Technology Department,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,P.R.China;Department of Clinical Research Management,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院放射科临床磁共振研究中心,成都610041 [2]四川大学华西医院动物实验中心,成都610041 [3]四川大学华西医院科技部,成都610041 [4]四川大学华西医院临床研究管理部,成都610041

出　　处：《华西医学》2023年第9期1373-1379,共7页West China Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的总结国内外动物实验伦理培训的方法与经验,分析目前伦理培训面临的机遇和问题,探索适合我国动物实验研究现况的相关医学研究人员的伦理培训方法。方法在PubMed、Embase、中国知网和万方数据库检索2012年1月-2022年2月与动物实验伦理培训相关的文献,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料后进行分析。结果经过筛选共纳入44篇文献,其中中文文献19篇、英文文献25篇,涉及44个机构。通过对文献的分析可知,美英等发达国家涉及实验动物福利和伦理的法律相对完善,如美国的《动物福利法》、英国的《动物(科学程序)法案》、德国的《动物福利法》、日本的《动物福利和管理法》等,而国内则以行政法规为主,大多以管理条例进行约束;国内外均有部分机构参与动物实验的人员存在伦理意识参差不齐的现象;国内部分机构的培训时间比国外少;国内培训方法及内容有待完善。基于上述结果,结合实际经验,四川大学华西医院对原有的动物实验伦理培训体系进行了完善。结论国内各单位需要改进动物实验伦理培训方法,更加系统、科学地提高各阶段参与动物实验人员的意识与认知,并且加强伦理审查。Objective To summarize the methods and experience of animal experiment ethics training at home and abroad,analyze the opportunities and problems,and explore the ethics training methods suitable for the current situation of animal experiments in China.Methods Documents relating to animal experiment ethics training from January 2012 to February 2022 were searched in PubMed,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data databases.After literature screening and data extraction by 2 researchers independently,descriptive analysis was performed.Results A total of 44 documents were selected,including 19 in Chinese and 25 in English,involving 44 institutions.According to the literature analysis,in the United States,Britain and other developed countries,the welfare and ethical laws for laboratory animals were relatively perfect,such as the Animal Welfare Act of the United States,the Animals(Scientific Procedures)Act of Britain,the Animal Welfare Act of German,and the Act on Welfare and Management of Animals of Japan,while in China administrative regulations were the main ones,and most of the institutions were restricted by management regulations;the ethics of personnel involved in animal experiments were uneven;the training time of some domestic institutions was less than that of institutions abroad;domestic training methods and contents needed to be improved.Basing on the comparative results at home and abroad and combining the training experience,West China Hospital of Sichuan University improved the animal experiment ethics training system.Conclusion It is suggested that the animal experimental institutions in China should improve the training methods,to enhance the awareness and cognition of people involved in animal experiments more systematically and scientifically,and strengthen the ethical review.

关 键 词：动物实验 伦理培训 培训方法 动物福利 动物伦理 

分 类 号：R-332[医药卫生]