2020-2022年贵州省市售蔬菜中农药残留特征分析及健康风险评价  

Features and risk assessments of pesticide pollution incommercially available vegetables,Guizhou,2020-2022

作　　者：杨琪 王娅芳[1] 李磊[1] 刘琳[1] 张黎黎 廖鸿霞 何进 YANG Qi;WANG Ya-fang;LI Lei;LIU Ling;ZHANG Li-i;LIAO Hong-xia;HE Jin(Guizhou Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang,Guizhou 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第18期3425-3430,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2021-414)。

摘　　要：目的探究贵州省市售蔬菜中农药残留及污染风险状况.方法在贵州省9个市(州)采集600份蔬菜样品,检测49种农药残留情况,使用食品安全指数法和污染物风险系数法评估其健康风险.结果2020-2022年贵州省监测的蔬菜样品中农药总检出率为60.67%,总超标率为3.33%.共检出38种农药,且有禁用限用农药检出;农药残留检出率最高的为烯酰吗啉,超标率最高的为毒死蜱.蔬菜种类不同,其农药残留检出率和超标率情况存在差异.食品安全指数法分析结果表明,贵州省市售蔬菜整体质量安全在可接受范围内,但三唑磷和氧化乐果的风险状况超过可接受范围;危害物风险系数法评估结果表明毒死蜱和氧化乐果为中度风险农药.结论贵州省市售蔬菜中存在部分残留农药超标情况,且存在农药多残留累积风险,有关部门应加强监管,加大科学使用农药的宣传,保障蔬菜质量安全.Objective To explore the pesticide residues and the risk in commercially available vegetables of Guizhou Province.Methods ls 49 pesticide residues were detected in 600 vegetable samples collected from 9 cities(states)in Guizhou Province,and the risk status was evaluated by the food safety index method and the pollutant risk coefficient method for contaminants.Results From 2020 to 2022,the total detection rate of pesticides in vegetable samples was 60.67%,and the total over-standard rate was 3.33%.A total of 38 pesticides were detected,and some forbidden and limited pesticides were detected;the highest detection rate of pesticide residues was dimethomorph,and the highest over-standard rate was chlorpyrifos.There were differences in the detection rate and exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues among different types of vegetables.The assessment of food safety index indicated that the overall quality and safety of commercially available vegetables in Guizhou Province were within the acceptable range.However,the levels of triazophos and omethoate residues in vegetables exceeded acceptablerange,which posed a potential health risk.Moreover,the application of chlorpyrifos and omethoate was considered to be of medium risk based on the risk coefficient method.Conclusion Pesticide residues,including excessive levels,have been found in commercially available vegetables in Guizhou Province.This poses a potential risk for the accumulation of harmful residues.To ensure the quality and safety of vegetables,it is necessary for relevant departments to intensify supervision,as well as to enhance public awareness of the proper and scientific use of pesticides.

关 键 词：市售蔬菜 农药残留 安全指数法 风险系数法 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]