形式趣味的正统化:儒家知识精英何以建构美的社会等级  

Legitimization of Formal Taste:How Confucian Intellectual Elites Construct the Social Hierarchy of Aesthetics

作　　者：朱婷钰 ZHU Ting-yu

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2023年第5期23-43,共21页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA163);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(63212075)。

摘　　要：文物遗产与鉴赏文献为社会学研究一定历史时期内特定群体的审美偏好、知识走向与社会结构之间的共构关系提供了丰富资料。本文以写实彩塑、钧瓷、写意绘画的发展历程为对象,以实物分析和文献研究为方法,探索物质的可提供性与儒家知识精英群体特性,以及艺术形式兴衰与维系“士农工商”等级体系之间的关联。研究发现,儒家知识精英倾向于秉持形式趣味的审美原则,擅长参照知识体系从事艺术创作和鉴赏活动。在此基础上,正统形式趣味筛选出对体力需求低、阐释空间大的文化事项以巩固文人士绅的社会地位。由正统形式趣味主导构建的审美共识,有助于实现艺术领域评价准则与社会秩序结构的统一.The cultural relics and literature on artwork appreciation provide an opportunity for sociology to focus on the mutual construction of cognitive mode,knowledge orientation and social structure in a certain historical period.Through material analysis and literature research,this paper pays attention to the development history of realistic painted sculpture,jun porcelain and freehand brushwork painting,and specifically explores the correlation among the availability of material,the characteristics of Confucian intellectual elites,the rise and fall of art forms and the hierarchy of"scholars,peasants,workers and merchants".This article finds that Confucian intellectual elites tend to follow formal tastes and engage in artistic creation and aesthetic appreciations with reference to the theoretical knowledge system.On this basis,only developing artistic forms that need light physical strength for production and provide interpretable possibilities can help enhance the reputation of the Chinese gentry.The orthodox formal taste constructs the aesthetic consensus making the unity of artistic criterion and social structure possible.

关 键 词：形式趣味 实物分析 审美共识 艺术社会学 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] J124[社会学] B83-0[艺术—艺术理论]