中巴经济走廊的分权化与灾害协同治理:当前趋势与启示  

Decentralization and Collaborative Disaster Governance for the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Current Trends and Implications

作　　者：宋涛[1,2] 刘慧 吾扎提·叶尔肯[1,2] SONG Tao;LIU Hui;WUZHATI Yeerken(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第5期974-982,共9页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20010103);The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK1007);The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171180)。

摘　　要：中巴经济走廊(CPEC)是“一带一路”的重要经济走廊之一。同时,它也是世界上最容易发生灾害的地区之一。鉴于灾害治理中的分权化趋势在世界范围内日益盛行,本文系统分析了中巴经济走廊地区的灾害管治系统。具体而言,文章比较了中国和巴基斯坦的国家、省、市和社区级别的灾害管理体制机制。通过在中国新疆和巴基斯坦进行的半结构化和开放式访谈,文章仔细审视了中巴经济走廊灾害治理分权化的当前趋势。从相关利益攸关方参与的经验中总结出了灾害治理分权化的现状与问题。我们发现,尽管中国和巴基斯坦的灾害管理系统也表现出一定的分权化趋势,但国家和省级灾害管理机构在救灾工作中仍然发挥着关键作用。灾害管理的集中化和分散化并不矛盾,灾害治理越向分散化转变,更迫切需要整合多层次(纵向)和更广泛(横向)的合作。因此,我们旨在为中巴经济走廊加强灾害管理的未来道路提供见解、经验教训和建议。特别是,我们总结了中巴经济走廊有效应对灾害风险战略和灾害管理区域合作的不同但综合的方法。The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)plays an important role in China’s‘Belt&Road Initiative’.It is also one of the most disaster-prone regions in the world.Considering that decentralized disaster governance has been gaining much attention in the world,this paper systematically analyzes the disaster management system in the CPEC region.Specifically,it compares the national,provincial,municipal and community-level institutional mechanisms for disaster management in China and Pakistan,and then closely examines the current trends of decentralized disaster governance based on a recent round of semi-structured and open-ended interviews in Xinjiang,China and Pakistan.Issues and gaps of decentralized disaster governance were drawn out from the experiences of participation among related stakeholders.We found that although the decentralization of the disaster management system has been the main trend in both China and Pakistan,national and provincial disaster management agencies still play a key role in the disaster relief work.Therefore,the centralization and decentralization of disaster management are not contradictory,but the more disaster governance shifts towards decentralization,the more urgent the consolidation of multi-level(vertical)and broader(horizontal)collaboration becomes.Based on this analysis,we aim to provide insights,lessons and recommendations for the way forward for strengthening disaster management in CPEC.In particular,we summarize different but integrated approaches towards effective disaster risk coping strategies and regional cooperation on disaster management in CPEC.

关 键 词：自然灾害 分权化 灾害管理 中巴经济走廊 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F135.3[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X43