双低菜粕替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长性能、抗氧化能力和消化系统组织形态的影响  

REPLACING FISH MEAL WITH RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MORPHOLOGY OF JUVENILE PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

作　　者：黄莹[1] 娄格格 刘轩宇 满洲 姜能座 郭雅哲 朱晓鸣[3] 葛汝祥 刘昊昆 陈新华[1] 童梦琪 HUANG Ying;LOU Ge-Ge;LIU Xuan-Yu;MAN Zhou;JIANG Neng-Zuo;GUO Ya-Zhe;ZHU Xiao-Ming;GE Ru-Xiang;LIU Hao-Kun;CHEN Xin-Hua;TONG Meng-Qi(Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province,College of Oceanology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Fujian Institute of Testing Technology,Fuzhou 350003,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学海洋学院,福建省海洋生物技术重点实验室,福州350002 [2]福建省测试技术研究所,福州350003 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第12期1918-1931,共14页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：福建省自然基金项目(2023J01494);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900200);帝斯曼维生素(上海)有限公司合作课题(KH220128A和KH210114A)资助。

摘　　要：以双低菜粕替代饲料中不同比例[0(R0)、25%(R25)、50%(R50)、75%(R75)和100%(R100)]的鱼粉蛋白,配制成双低菜粕含量分别为0、21.25%、42.50%、63.75%和85%的5种等氮等能饲料,饲喂平均初始体重为(2.49±0.01)g的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾42d,探讨其对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长性能、饲料利用率、消化能力及抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示:(1)R0、R25和R50组之间终末体重(FBW)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)无显著差异(P>0.05),R75和R100组的FBW、SGR、FE和PER显著低于R0组(P<0.05);与R0组相比,R50、R75和R100组克氏原螯虾幼虾粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05);R75和R100组克氏原螯虾幼虾肝胰腺蛋白酶活性、肝胰腺脂肪酶活性及肠道胰蛋白酶活性均显著低于R0组(P<0.05),各组间淀粉酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05);R75和R100组肝胰腺和肠道NPY和TRY基因表达量显著低于R0组(P<0.05),MSNP基因表达量显著高于R0组(P<0.05)。(2)与R0组相比,R100组肝胰腺碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性显著升高(P<0.05);随着菜粕水平的升高,R100组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于R0组(P<0.05),肝胰腺过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性呈下降趋势且R75和R100组的以上4种的酶活性显著低于R0组(P<0.05);R50、R75和R100组肝胰腺和肠道AKP基因表达量显著上升(P<0.05),CAT、SOD和GPX基因表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。(3)R25组克氏原螯虾幼虾肝胰腺和肠道组织结构与R0组无显著差异,随着替代比例的升高,克氏原螯虾幼虾肝胰腺上皮细胞空泡化逐渐加重,R细胞萎缩程度加深,肝小管管腔畸形并变大;肠道上皮细胞脱落,肠绒毛明显变短。综上结果,双低菜粕在克氏原螯虾幼虾饲料中的添加比例以不超过21.25%为宜。To elucidate the effects of rapeseed meal replacing fish meal on growth performance,feed utilization,digestive activity and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Procambarus clarkii,five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to feed juvenile Procambarus clarkii with the average initial body weight of(2.49±0.01)g for 42d.The inclusion levels of rapeseed meal were 0,21.25%,42.50%,63.75%and 85%by using rapeseed meal instead of fish meal in different proportions[0(R0),25%(R25),50%(R0),75%(R0)and 100%(R0)],respectively.The results showed that:(1)no significant differences in FBW,SGR,FE,and PER were observed among the R0,R25 and R50 groups(P>0.05),however,FBW,SGR,FE,and PER in R75 and R100 groups were significantly lower than those in R0 group(P<0.05).Compared with the R0 group,the crude protein and crude lipid contents of juvenile Procambarus clarkii in the R50,R75 and R100 groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The activities of hepatopancreatic trypsin,hepatopancreatic lipase and intestinal trypsin of juvenile Procambarus clarkii in the R75 and R100 groups were significantly lower than those in the R0 group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in amylase activity among all the groups(P>0.05).NPY and TRY genes expressions levels in hepatopancreas and intestine of R75 and R100 groups significantly decreased than those of R0 group(P<0.05),while MSNP gene expression level significantly increased(P<0.05).(2)Hepatopancreatic alkaline phosphatase(AKP),alanine aminotransferase(GPT),and aspartate aminotransferase(GOT)activities in the R100 group significantly increased compared with the R0 group(P<0.05).With the increase of rapeseed meal level,the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)and glutathione S-transferase(GST)in hepatopancreas showed a decreasing tendency,which in the R75 and R100 groups were significantly lower than those in the R0 group(P<0.05).The expression levels of AKP gene in hepatopancreas and intestine of the R50,R75 and R100 groups signif

关 键 词：菜粕 生长 抗氧化能力 基因表达 克氏原螯虾幼虾 

分 类 号：S966.1[农业科学—水产养殖]