黎巴嫩侨民对祖籍国的身份认同及其经济贡献  

Identity and Economic Contributions of the Lebanese Diaspora to Motherland

作　　者：刘中民[1] 林昕煜 Liu Zhongmin;Lin Xinyu

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所 [2]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院、中东研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2023年第4期68-87,158,共21页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“百年变局下国际体系与中东地区互动关系研究”(22JJD810023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黎巴嫩侨民与祖籍国的关系是东地中海地区乃至整个中东地区海外侨民与祖籍国关系的典型代表。黎巴嫩的移民活动可以分为两大历史阶段,即黎巴嫩独立前的奥斯曼帝国晚期和法国殖民统治时期,以及黎巴嫩建国后的现代时期。殖民主义遗产、教派冲突、经济危机、内战等因素对黎巴嫩移民产生了重要影响。身份认同与经济纽带构成了黎巴嫩侨民保持与祖籍国联系的主要方式。侨民对黎巴嫩的身份认同经历了从教派认同到区域认同,再到国家认同的过程,既得益于其自身在宗教、民族、文化等方面的社会构建,也与黎巴嫩政府的侨民政策密不可分。黎巴嫩侨民与祖籍国的经济联系主要包括侨汇、债券投资与寻亲旅游等方式,并为黎巴嫩经济发展提供了重要支撑。黎巴嫩侨民与祖籍国的联系尚存在一定的局限性。未来,如何合理利用和管理侨民资源是黎巴嫩国家治理的重要课题之一。The relationship between Lebanese diaspora and the motherland is a typical representative of the relationship between overseas diaspora and the motherland in the Eastern Mediterranean region and even in the whole Middle East region.Lebanon's migration has lasted for nearly two centuries,its historical evolution can be divided into two stages,namely in the middle of the 19thcentury to1943 before the independence of the late Ottoman empire and French colonial rule,and the modern period after the founding of Lebanon.The Western colonial heritage,sectarian conflict,economic crisis,civil war and other factors had an important impact on the Lebanese diaspora.Identity and economic ties constitute the main ways for Lebanese diaspora to maintain ties with their homeland.The identity of Lebanese diaspora has experienced a process from sectarian identity to regional identity and then to national identity.It is not only benefited from its own social construction in religion,nationality,culture and other aspects,but also related with the diaspora policy of the Lebanese government.The main economic links between Lebanese diaspora and their motherland mainly include overseas remittances,bond investment and tourism,and provide important support for the Lebanese economy.Influenced by various factors,the connection between Lebanese diaspora and their motherland is still limited.In the future,the rational utilization and management of diaspora resources is one of the important topics of national governance in Lebanon.

关 键 词：黎巴嫩侨民 身份认同 经济联系 侨汇 

分 类 号：D737.8[政治法律—政治学]