基于近钻头测量数据的异常振动预警方法研究  

Abnormal Vibration Warning Method Based on Near-Bit Measurement Data

作　　者：张涛[1,2] 刘岱轩[1,2] 刘伟 李玉梅 Zhang Tao;Liu Daixuan;Liu Wei;Li Yumei(Beijing Key Laboratory of High Dynamic Navigation Technology,Beijing Information Science&Technology University;Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement&Control Technology,Ministry of Education;CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学高动态导航技术北京市重点实验室 [2]现代测控技术教育部重点实验室 [3]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司

出　　处：《石油机械》2023年第10期16-22,66,共8页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大科研仪器研制项目“钻井复杂工况井下实时智能识别系统研制”(52227804);国家自然科学基金面上项目“底部钻具高频扭转振动响应机理及识别方法研究”(52274003);北京信息科技大学重点研究培育项目“基于人工智能方法的近钻头高频扭转振动状态识别研究”(2121YJPY220);中国石油天然气集团有限公司-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作科技专项(ZLZX2020-03)。

摘　　要：钻井过程中,时常由于钻井参数、钻具组合与地层之间不匹配等因素,导致底部钻具异常振动,进而导致钻具损坏、钻井效率降低、井眼质量不合格等。为此,建立基于Informer时间序列的井下异常振动预警模型;基于近钻头振动数据时频域特征,标注正常振动和异常振动数据集,将井下振动经过小波变换后的均值和均方根值作为输入量进行预警模型训练;利用测试集数据测试预警模型的有效性。研究结果表明:在长序列预测结果上,该模型的建立相较于LSTM模型,E MS降低了70%,预测精度提高。同时针对井下振动均值的长序列预测,可提前90 s判断黏滑振动的发生。该预警模型的建立可以有效识别和预警井下异常振动,降低钻井风险,为进一步建立先进的智能钻井系统提供一定的技术基础。During the drilling process,abnormal vibration of bottomhole drilling tool is often caused by factors such as improper drilling parameters and mismatch between bottomhole assembly and formation,leading to damage of drilling tool,reduction of drilling efficiency and unacceptable wellbore quality.First,an abnormal downhole vibration warning model based on Informer time series was built.Second,based on the time-frequency domain characteristics of near-bit vibration data,the normal and abnormal vibration data sets were labeled,and the mean and root mean square values of downhole vibration after wavelet conversion were used as input values to conduct warning model training.Finally,the test set data were used to test the effectiveness of the warning model.The research results show that compared with LSTM model,this model reduces E MS by 70%and has higher prediction accuracy in terms of long series prediction results;meanwhile,aimed at long series prediction of downhole vibration mean,the occurrence of stick-slip vibration can be judged 90 s in advance.This warning model can effectively identify and warn abnormal downhole vibration,reduce drilling risk,and provide a certain technical basis for further establishing advanced intelligent drilling system.

关 键 词：近钻头测量 异常振动预警 井下振动分析 时间序列 INFORMER 

分 类 号：TE271[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]