江南地区自北宋时期近千年来的疫灾地理研究  

Geographic study of epidemics in Jiangnan area over the past millenium since the Northern Song dynasty

作　　者：王晓伟 龚胜生[2] 张涛[2] 李孜沫 石国宁 梅佳琪 WANG Xiaowei;GONG Shengsheng;ZHANG Tao;LI Zimo;SHI Guoning;MEI Jiaqi(School of Tourism,Shandong Women s University,Ji nan 250300,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Research Institute of Sustainable Development,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Tourism and Economic Management,Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang 330032,China;School of Geography and Environment,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东女子学院旅游学院,济南250300 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院可持续发展研究中心,武汉430079 [3]南昌师范学院旅游与经济管理学院,南昌330032 [4]聊城大学地理与环境学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期641-648,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101240,42301265,42371265);国家社会科学基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目(21VJXT015).

摘　　要：疫灾与人类始终同在,危害人类生命健康.该文基于疫灾史料,运用空间分析模型,探讨江南地区过去近千年来疫灾流行的时空变迁特征.研究表明:1)在过去近千年中,江南地区疫灾流行之年多达300个,近乎三年一遇,且疫灾越来越频繁,清代更是集中了52%的疫灾之年.2)江南地区疫灾流行呈现“夏秋高发、春季多发、冬季少发”的特点,季夏、孟秋易于疫灾流行.3)江南地区过去近千年的疫灾流行具有明显的长期上升趋势,在周期上可分为两个400 a左右的波动周期.4)江南地区疫灾的空间分布整体上呈聚集型,形成了以今杭州、苏州、上海为中心的疫灾频发区,疫灾频数的总体分布特征是北部多南部少;疫灾分布重心总体上有由南向北、由西向东迁移的变化;但疫灾强度则由东向西北、西南递减;5)江南地区疫灾流行格局受人类活动格局影响,湖区、三角洲前缘疫灾重于山地丘陵区,滨海区疫灾重于腹地区.Epidemics has always been a constant threat to human life and health.Based on the historical epidemic data,the spatiotemporal changes of the epidemics in Jiangnan area over the past millenium were explored by using the spatial analysis model.The results are shown as follows.1)The Jiangnan area has experienced as many as 300 epidemic outbreaks,occurring almost every three years..Epidemics have become increasingly frequent with 52%of all outbreaks occurring during the Qing Dynasty.2)In seasonal level,epidemic outbreaks in Jiangnan area were concentrated in summer and autumn,followed by spring and less in winter.In terms of months,June and July of the lunar calendar were prone to epidemic outbreaks.3)The epidemic disasters of Jiangnan area in the past thousand years have an obvious long-term upward trend,with two centuries of fluctuation cycles of about 400 years.4)As a whole,the spatial distribution pattern of epidemic disasters in Jiangnan area was clustered,forming a high-frequent epidemic area centered on today s Hangzhou,Suzhou and Shanghai.Epidemic frequency is generally higher in the north than south.The epidemic center has shifted generally from south to north and from west to east.The epidemic intensity decreased from east to northwest and southwest.5)The prevalence pattern of epidemics in Jiangnan area is affected by the spatial pattern of human activities.The epidemics are heavier in the hinterland of the Taihu Lake and the delta front than in the mountainous and hilly areas,and heavier in the coastal areas than in the hinterland.

关 键 词：瘟疫灾害 地理特征 江南地区 近千年来(960—1911年) 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学] R188[医药卫生—流行病学]