犯罪附随性制裁制度的废除  

Abolition of the System of Criminal Collateral Sanctions

作　　者：罗翔[1] Luo Xiang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第5期24-35,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国政法大学校级基金项目“刑法中的道德主义”(20ZFD82001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为一种隐性的惩罚措施,连坐仍然以犯罪附随后果的形式广泛存在。犯罪附随性制裁制度缺乏合法性与合理性。它是一种保安处分制度,应当受制于罪刑法定原则。犯罪附随性制裁制度源于法家的重刑主义,它不符合一般预防的需要,也无特殊预防的可能。它对职业的限制没有考虑职业的关联性,违反比例原则。因此,有必要对该制度进行系统性的清理。在上游领域限缩犯罪圈,推行法定犯初犯不罚原则;在中游领域压缩前科制度,变《无犯罪记录证明》为《未受刑罚处罚证明》;在下游领域禁止非法查询个人信息,依法严格限制查询相关人员的犯罪记录。As a hidden punishment,criminal collateral sanctions still exists widely in the form of crimes with consequences.It lacks sufficient legitimacy and rationality.The system should be subject to the principle of legally prescribed crimes.The system is derived from the ancient Chinese legalist doctrine of severe punishment.It neither meets the need for general prevention nor the specific prevention.Its restrictions on occupations do not take into account the relevance of occupations,which violates the principle of proportionality.The law should treat public opinion correctly.In the field of political philosophy,majority does not mean correctness.The abolition of this system should be carefully considered.First of all,the criminal circle should be narrowed,and the principle of non-punishment for first-time statutory offenders should be implemented;secondly,the criminal record system should be reduced,and the criminal record system should be cleaned up as necessary,and the"certificate of no criminal record"should be changed to"certificate of no criminal punishment";thirdly,illegal inquiries should be prohibited.For personal information,in accordance with the provisions of the"Personal Information Protection Law",inquiries about the criminal records of relevant personnel are strictly restricted.

关 键 词：犯罪附随后果 牵连制度 犯罪前科 个人信息 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]