汽车仪表内饰件注塑成型工艺的多目标优化  

Multi-objective Optimization of Injection Molding Process for Interior Trim of Automobile Instrument

作　　者：方明月 张宇 王彻 黄永跃 Fang Mingyue;Zhang Yu;Wang Che;Huang Yongyue(School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui Institute of Information Technology,Wuhu 241100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽信息工程学院机械工程学院,安徽芜湖241100

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2023年第9期83-89,共7页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：安徽信息工程学院青年科研基金项目(22QNJJKJ008);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A1205);安徽省教育厅教育教学研究项目-机械设计制造及其自动化项目(2020ylzyjsd02)。

摘　　要：以汽车仪表内饰件为研究对象,针对制件在注塑成型过程中出现的翘曲和体积收缩问题,通过正交试验设计和灰色关联分析进行优化,利用Moldflow软件进行模流分析。选择模具温度、熔体温度、冷却时间、保压压力、保压时间和注射时间6个工艺参数为水平因素,以翘曲量和体积收缩率为质量评价指标进行25组正交试验,通过极差分析得到了翘曲量最优的工艺参数和体积收缩率最优的工艺参数,对两组工艺参数进行仿真分析得出:翘曲量最优为1.174 mm,但对应体积收缩率为14.51%,数值较大;体积收缩率最优为12.24%,但对应翘曲量为2.118 mm,数值较大。利用灰色关联分析将优化翘曲量和体积收缩率的多目标问题转化为单目标问题,得到了翘曲量和体积收缩率同时最优的工艺参数:模具温度40℃,熔体温度240℃,冷却时间25 s,保压压力80 MPa,保压时间20 s,注射时间0.8 s,对应的翘曲量为1.431 mm,体积收缩率为12.42%。对比两种方案优化效果可知,灰色关联分析方案的优化效果更好,与默认工艺参数相比,翘曲量和体积收缩率分别降低了46.44%和23.71%。对制件进行试生产,得到的试模样件质量满足生产要求,进一步验证了灰色关联分析优化方案的可行性。Taking the interior trim of automobile instrument as the research object,aiming at the problems of warpage and volume shrinkage in the injection molding process,the optimization was carried out through orthogonal design of experiments and gray correlation analysis,and the mold flow analysis was carried out using Moldflow software.Selecting six process parameters,namely mold temperature,melt temperature,cooling time,holding pressure,holding time,and injection time as horizontal factors,25 sets of orthogonal experiments were conducted with warpage and volume shrinkage as quality evaluation indicators.The optimal process parameters for warpage and volume shrinkage were obtained through range analysis.Simulation analysis of the two sets of process parameters show that the optimal warpage is 1.174 mm,but the corresponding volume shrinkage rate is 14.51%,which is relatively large.The optimal volume shrinkage rate is 12.24%,but the corresponding warpage is 2.118 mm,which is a large value.The multi-objective problem of optimizing warpage and volume shrinkage was transformed into a single objective problem using grey correlation analysis.The optimal process parameters for both warpage and volume shrinkage were obtained:mold temperature 40℃,melt temperature 240℃,cooling time 25 seconds,holding pressure 80 MPa,holding time 20 seconds,injection time 0.8 seconds,corresponding warpage of 1.431 mm,and volume shrinkage of 12.42%.Comparing the optimization effects of the two schemes,it can be seen that the grey correlation analysis scheme has better optimization effects.Compared with the default process parameters,the warpage and volume shrinkage have been decreased by 46.44%and 23.71%,respectively.The trial production of the parts was carried out,and the quality of the obtained trial mold samples met the production requirements,further verifying the feasibility of the grey correlation analysis optimization plan.

关 键 词：汽车仪表内饰件 正交试验 灰色关联分析 工艺参数优化 翘曲量 体积收缩率 

分 类 号：TQ320.66[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]