冷冻处理对机制蚕丝绵性能的影响  

Effect of freezing treatment on properties of machine-made silk floss

作　　者：喻永达 盛建祥 YU Yongda;SHEN Jianxiang(Zhejiang Misai Silk Co.,Ltd.,Jiaxing 314400,China;Jinfuchun Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311400,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江米赛丝绸有限公司,浙江嘉兴314400 [2]金富春丝绸有限公司,杭州311400

出　　处：《丝绸》2023年第10期24-29,共6页Journal of Silk

摘　　要：由于机制丝绵的劳动生产率高,目前已经成为丝绵生产的主要加工方式。但机制丝绵的加工过程中,一般需要经过柔软剂处理,由于柔软剂是化学药品,对蚕丝的天然性和环境负荷有一定的影响。为了解决该问题,文章将脱胶后的蚕丝纤维进行冷冻处理,使蚕丝纤维中的水分因冷冻结冰而体积膨胀,冰晶体升华或水分挥发后,在蚕丝纤维内部产生空隙,以期在不使用柔软剂的条件下,获得蚕丝绵的柔软性、压缩回弹性和更好的保暖性能。研究结果表明:在机制丝绵加工过程中,利用物理冷冻处理替代柔软处理,通过增加蚕丝纤维之间和纤维内部空隙,改善柔软性。在合适的冷冻工艺条件下,丝绵的保暖性能与常规生产的蚕丝绵相比,得到了一定程度的改善。压缩回弹性达到了优等品标准(压缩率≥45%,回复率≥92%),显示了良好的改善效果。表明在机制丝绵的生产过程中利用冷冻处理工艺代替柔软处理工艺具有可行性,从而使生产丝绵的工艺和得到的丝绵产品更绿色环保。Silk has soft, skin-friendly, antibacterial and other excellent performance, and products thereof are well received bythe consumers. Silk floss is an important part of silk products, China’s silk floss production in silk productsaccounted for nearly one-third according to the statistics of Silk Yearbook of China for 2019. According to theclassification of production methods, silk floss can be divided into hand-made silk floss and machine-made silkfloss. Due to the high labor productivity of machine-made silk floss, the machine-made silk floss has become themain role in the market at this stage with the continuous rise of labor costs. The production of machine-made silkfloss generally needs to go through the processes of floss making, degumming and post-treatment. The main processis to make double palace cocoons, lower cocoons or regular cocoons into silk floss sheets by using the spinningmechanism, and then to degum and remove impurities on the silk floss sheets. Finally, it is necessary to usechemical agents such as softening agents to soften the silk floss sheets (also known as post-finishing) to increase thecompressibility and resilience of the silk floss. Many scholars have studied the preparation process of silk floss,hoping to make the process of silk floss more green and environmentally friendly.To make the process of preparing silk floss and the silk floss products produced more green and environmentallyfriendly, the degummed silk fiber was frozen so that the volume of water in the silk fiber could be expanded byicing, and the water volatilized would create gaps in the silk fiber. It was expected that the silk floss with softness,excellent compression resilience and better thermal performance could be obtained by this method without usingsoftener. The results show that instead of soft treatment, the physical freezing treatment used in the machine-madesilk floss processing would make the gap between and inside the silk fibers. Under the technological conditions offreezing silk floss at -28 ℃ for 12-24

关 键 词：蚕丝 冷冻处理 机制丝绵 柔软处理 压缩回弹性 保暖性能 

分 类 号：TS195.644[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]