从话语理解法国革命的观念起源——基思·迈克尔·贝克的政治文化研究述评  

Understanding the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution through Discourses:A Review of Keith Michael Baker’s Study of Political Culture

作　　者：黄艳红 Huang Yanhong

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第3期3-38,292,F0003,共38页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪的历史学和历史学家”(项目批准号19ZDA235)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基思·迈克尔·贝克曾是法国革命“政治文化”研究的代表人物,他在论文集《法国发明革命》中以司法、理性和意志三个“话语束”为核心,再现了旧制度最后数十年政治文化的演变和发展。贝克认为,旧制度政治话语场中的各种竞争和联动,不仅使得法国大革命在观念上成为可能,而且在革命即将到来之前创造出新的政治语汇,以赋予这场革命全新的含义。贝克的分析侧重“中层文本”,注意从文本修辞剖析作者的思想倾向,但他的研究并非脱离历史实际的“语言游戏”,而是基于不断变化的政治语境。在研究方法和研究领域方面,基思·贝克将剑桥学派的话语分析路径引入法国革命的政治文化史研究,并与以科泽勒克为代表的概念史存在交叠,三方研究都有对话和互鉴的可能。Keith Michael Baker was a leading f igure in the study of the“political culture”of the French Revolution.His collection of essays,Inventing the French Revolution,focusing on three“strands of discourse”—justice,reason and will—demonstrated the development of political culture in the last decades of the Old Regime.Baker argued that the competition and connections in the f ield off discourses not only made the French Revolution conceptually possible,but also created a new political discourse for the future Revolution in order to give this revolution a new meaning.Baker’s analysis focuses on the“middle text”,taking care to analyse the author’s ideological tendencies in terms of textual rhetoric,but his approach is not a“linguistic game”that transcends historical reality,instead it is based on a constantly changing political context.In terms of methodology and f ields of study,Keith Baker introduces the Cambridge School’s path of discourse analysis into the political and cultural history of the French Revolution,and overlaps with the conceptual history represented by Koselleck.There are some possibilities of dialogue and mutual reference between the three parts.

关 键 词：基思·迈克尔·贝克 政治文化 旧制度与大革命 话语 概念 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]