双重“他者”下的德裔女性——1848年革命流亡女性的美国社会参与  

German Women as the Double Constitutive“Other”:Social Participation of Female Exiles of 1848 Revolution in America

作　　者：王思婕 Wang Sijie

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院 [2]德国慕尼黑大学

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第3期123-143,294,295,共23页The World History Review

摘　　要：19世纪四五十年代德意志人大规模移民美国的浪潮中,一批因1848年革命失败而被迫流亡的革命女性,深刻参与了19世纪后半期美国的社会公共事业。当时作为少数族裔,德裔女性不可避免地要面对美国社会本土主义意识形态的压迫,也鲜少被盎格鲁—撒克逊白人女性主导的美国妇女权利运动所关注。同时,她们为家庭之外“社会化”角色所做的努力,在族裔共同体内部也难逃德裔男性的审视。然而,族裔与性别的限制并不能阻碍“四八年”女性在废奴运动、妇女选举权运动和幼童教育中延续1848年革命的精神,她们凭借德意志革命中积累的公开演讲、报纸编辑和语言鼓动方面的经验,加上“四八年人”在美国的政治难民网络和号召力,在美国迅速延续了她们在德意志扮演的社会改革者角色,积极动员德裔女性在美国社会的双重身份困境中争取自由与解放。During the wave of mass German immigration to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s,a group of revolutionary women who were forced into exile by the failure of the Revolutions of 1848 became profoundly involved in American social and public enterprises in the second half of the nineteenth century.As an ethnic minority at that time,German women inevitably had to face the oppression of nativism in American society and were barely noticed by the American women’s rights movement which was dominated by white Anglo-Saxon women.At the same time,their efforts to f ind a role in society outside of the domestic sphere had not avoided the gaze of German males within the ethnic community.Ethnic and gender constraints,however,did not prevent these female“Forty-Eighters”from perpetuating the spirit of the Revolutions of 1848 in the abolitionist movement,the women’s suffrage movement,and the early childhood education.With their experience in public speaking,newspaper editing,and verbal agitation gained during the revolution in Germany,as well as the network of political refugees and the inf luence on German-American communities of“Forty-Eighters”in the United States,these women quickly continued the role they had played as social reformers in Germany,actively mobilizing German women to f ight for freedom and emancipation in the context of the dilemma of dual identities in American society.

关 键 词：德裔美国女性 1848年革命 废奴运动 妇女选举权运动 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]