周年减氮对玉米-大蒜轮作系统作物光合特性和干物质积累及产量的影响  

Effect of Annual Nitrogen Reduction on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize-Garlic Rotation Crop System

作　　者：莫勤 刘丹 马驰[1,2] 刘博 张威 王俊营[1,2] 丁瑞霞 韩清芳[1,2] MO Qin;LIU Dan;MA Chi;LIU Bo;ZHANG Wei;WANG Junying;DING Ruixia;and HAN Qingfang(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau,Chinese Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第10期1544-1554,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”863课题(2013AA102902)。

摘　　要：通过设置粮菜二熟制农田不同施氮量的组合试验,分析减少氮投入对玉米-大蒜轮作系统作物光合特性、生长特征及产量的影响,为粮菜轮作模式下的减氮决策提供依据。田间试验于2020-2021年进行,玉米季设置3个施氮水平:常规施氮量(220 kg·hm^(-2))、减氮20%(176 kg·hm^(-2))和减氮40%(132kg·hm^(-2)),大蒜季两个施氮水平:常规施氮量(300 kg·hm^(-2))和减氮20%(240 kg·hm^(-2))。结果表明,与常规周年施肥模式相比,玉米季减氮20%+大蒜季常规施氮的模式下玉米产量增加1.4%、大蒜蒜薹和蒜头产量无明显变化,该模式维持了玉米吐丝期较高的叶绿素相对含量,显著提高净光合速率6.0%,延长重要生育时期的光合作用时间,保证干物质生产,对大蒜和玉米产量均无显著影响,其他减氮处理的玉米产量显著降低5.4%~25.8%,大蒜蒜薹和蒜头产量分别显著降低6.9%~29.0%和14.9%~39.0%。综合考虑,玉米季适量减氮20%即施氮176 kg·hm^(-2)和大蒜季常规施氮300 kg·hm^(-2)可保证轮作周期作物的光合生产能力,促进干物质的积累,在保证作物产量的同时减少投入,实现轮作系统减肥增效。We analyzed the effect of nitrogen input reduction on photosynthetic characteristics,growth characteristics and yield of crops in maize-garlic rotation system by a combination experiment with different nitrogen application levels in grain-vegetable secondary cropping fields,so as to provide a basis for nitrogen reduction decision under grain-vegetable rotation model.With the aim of developing low-carbon agriculture,we conducted a combination experiment with three nitrogen application levels in maize season(conventional nitrogen application,220 kg·hm^(-2);20%nitrogen reduction,176 kg·hm^(-2);and 40%nitrogen reduction,132 kg·hm^(-2))and two nitrogen application levels in the garlic season the conventional nitrogen application,300 kg·hm^(-2);and 20%nitrogen reduction,240 kg·hm^(-2),during 2020-2021.The results showed that a 20%nitrogen reduction during the maize season and conventional nitrogen application during the garlic season increased maize yield by 1.4%compared with the conventional annual fertilization mode,while the yield of garlic bolt and garlic head did not change significantly.This mode maintained the higher chlorophyll relative content at maize silking stage,and significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate by 6.0%.The photosynthetic time at important growth stages was prolonged to ensure dry matter production.On the other hand,other nitrogen reduction treatments significantly reduced the yield of maize by 5.4%-25.8%,and the yield of garlic stem and garlic bulb head decreased by 6.9%-29.0%and 14.9%-39.0%,respectively.However,there was no significant indigenous effect on the yield of garlic and maize.Therefore,based on our findings,we recommend an appropriate nitrogen reduction of 20%(176 kg·hm^(-2))during the maize season and conventional nitrogen application of 300 kg·hm^(-2) during the garlic season.This approach can ensure the photosynthetic production capacity of crop in rotation cycle,promote the accumulation of dry matter,reduce input,achieve weight loss,and efficiency increase in ro

关 键 词：减氮 轮作 光合特性 干物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S633.4