秸秆还田对银北盐碱地土壤主要肥力指标及细菌群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning to Soil on Main Soil Fertility Indexes and Bacterial Community Diversity in Saline-alkali Land in Northern Yinchuan

作　　者：李磊 朱志明 王旭 吴霞[1,2] 樊丽琴 纪立东[1,2] LI Lei;ZHU Zhiming;WANG Xu;WU Xia;FAN Liqin;and JI Lidong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Yinchuan 750001,China;National Agricultural Environment Yinchuan Observation and Experiment Station,Yinchuan 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏农技推广总站,银川750001 [3]国家农业环境银川观测试验站,银川750002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第10期1603-1615,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03272);宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-03)。

摘　　要：为探索粉碎玉米秸秆对银北盐碱地土壤肥力的可持续提升效果,于2016-2021年建立5a连续玉米秸秆粉碎还田定位试验,以未还田为对照,分别设置1/3全量还田(3000 kg·hm^(-2))、2/3全量还田(6000kg·hm^(-2))、全量还田(9000 kg·hm^(-2))处理,分析不同还田量下土壤肥力及细菌群落多样性变化。结果表明:相比未还田处理,秸秆还田处理虽降低0~20 cm土层含水量,但能显著增加土壤水稳性团聚体的平均质量直径,且降低土壤团聚体破坏率。其中,还田量9000 kg·hm^(-2)处理相比未还田处理显著降低土壤全盐含量15.06%,增加有机质14.06%,增加全氮50.82%及微生物量氮71.75%。酶活性在秸秆还田措施下均明显提升,但各处理下差异不显著。基于16s rDNA测序发现,相比未还田处理,秸秆还田增加不同分类水平下的OTU数,还田量9000 kg·hm^(-2)处理显著增加Chao1、Simpson指数以及优势菌群变形菌门的相对丰度。相关性发现,土壤微生物量氮、土壤含水量与群落结构组成间存在显著性差异。总之,秸秆还田有利于改善盐碱地土壤结构,增加土壤养分及微生物氮含量,抑制盐分表聚,提升土壤酶活性,提高土壤细菌微生物多样性及丰富度。In this study,we conducted a 5-year continuous experiment to investigate the effect of crushed corn stalks on the sustainable improvement of soil fertility in saline-alkali land in northern Yinchuan during 2016 to 2021.The experiment involved four treatments,including non-returning to field as a control,the treatments of 1/3 full-scale returning to the field(3000 kg·hm^(-2)),2/3 full-scale returning to the field(6000 kg·hm^(-2)),and full-scale returning to the field(9000 kg·hm^(-2)).The changes in soil fertility and bacterial community diversity under different amounts of crushed straw returning to the field.The results showed that,compared with the non-returning treatment,although the straw returning to the field treatment reduced the soil water content by 0-20 cm,the average mass diameter of soil water-stable aggregates was significantly increased and the soil damage rate was reduced.Among them,the treatment of returning to the field at 9000 kg·hm^(-2) significantly decreased the total salt content by 15.06%,increased the organic matter by 14.06%,increased the total nitrogen by 50.82%and increased the microbial biomass nitrogen by 71.75%compared with the non-returning to the field treatment.The enzyme activity significantly increased under the straw returning measures,but the difference was not significant among different returning amounts.Based on 16s rDNA sequencing,it was found that compared with the non-returning treatment,straw returning increased the number of OTUs at different taxonomic levels,and the returning amount of 9000 kg·hm^(-2) significantly increased the Chao1 and Simpson indexes,and increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria(Proteobacteria).From correlation,there were significant differences between soil microbial biomass nitrogen,soil water content and community structure composition.The straw returning to the field is beneficial to improve the soil structure of saline-alkali land,increase soil nutrient and microbial nitrogen content,inhibit salt surface aggregation,enhanc

关 键 词：盐碱地 秸秆还田 团聚体 酶活性 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]