新疆盐碱土壤中克百威降解菌群结构解析及降解菌株特性  

Structure Analysis of Carbofuran Degrading Bacterial Flora and Characteristics of Degrading Strains in Saline Alkali Soil of Xinjiang

作　　者：阿孜古力·库尔班 王洁 马无为 谢滔 张伟[1] AZIGULI·Kuerban;WANG Jie;MA Wuwei;XIE Tao and ZHANG Wei(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology,Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang,The Key Discipline Biology,School of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室,新疆师范大学校级重点学科生物学学科,新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第10期1616-1626,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：新疆特殊物种保护与调控生物学重点实验室项目(2019D04015)。

摘　　要：为解决新疆盐碱土壤中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留问题,从长期连作棉田中富集培养得到降解克百威的菌群。分析该菌群结构组成信息,利用多种培养基从中分离碱性条件下降解克百威的相关菌株,并从中筛选出能够耐受和高效降解克百威的菌株后,初步分类鉴定和测定这些菌株的降解能力。结果表明,克百威降解菌群在门分类水平上主要由Proteobacteria(88.24%)、Bacteroidetes(11.47%)组成;在属分类水平,丰度最大的依次为Pseudoxanthomonas(54.30%)、Hyphomicrobium(13.98%)、Hydrogenophaga(3.32%)、Aquamicrobium(3.13%)等,微生物网络构建结果也与此相同。从该降解菌群中共分离出细菌71株,其中菌株KJ71和KJ74能够耐受高浓度克百威,并在pH为8.0的基础无机盐培养基中,当接种量为1%,120r·min^(-1)摇床培养72 h时具有较高降解能力;经16S rRNA基因序列分析,KJ71为Rhodococcus、KJ74为Paenibacillus;进一步研究表明,菌株KJ71和KJ74在72 h内对50 mg·L^(-1)克百威的降解率分别达到63.88%、70.22%。其中KJ71菌株降解克百威的最适pH为9.0;在25℃~35℃,温度对该菌株降解克百威无显著影响。对KJ74菌株最适降解条件为pH 7.0,当温度30℃时降解率达到最高。添加少量有机氮源可促进菌株KJ71和KJ74对克百威的降解能力,添加少量有机碳源会抑制菌株对克百威的降解。This study addresses the issue of carbamate pesticide residues in the soil of saline alkali cotton field in Xinjiang.The carbofuran-degrading strains was isolated from the carbofuran-degrading bacterial flora in long-term continuous cropping cotton field.The structural composition of the flora examined by high-throughput sequencing,and carbofuran-degrading strains were isolated by using a variety of media.The efficiency of the selected strains to degrade carbofuran was classified,identified and determined.The results indicated that the carbofuran-degrading flora was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria(88.24%)and Bacteroidetes(11.47%)at the phylum level,with the highest abundances found in Pseudoxanthomonas(54.30%),Hyphomicrobium(13.98%),Hydrogenophaga(3.32%),Aquamicrobium(3.13%)at the genus level.The microbial network construction also yielded similar results.Out of the 71 bacterial strains isolated from the degradation bacteria flora,strains KJ71 and KJ74 showed high tolerance and degradation ability in the basic inorganic salt medium with pH 8.0 when the inoculation amount was 1%and cultured in a 120 r·min^(-1) shaking table for 72 h.Further 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains KJ71 and KJ74 belonged to Rhodococcus and Paenibacillus,respectively;the degradation rate of strains KJ71 and KJ74 to 50 mg·L^(-1) carbofuran reached 63.88%and 70.22%within 72 h,respectively.The optimum pH of strain KJ71 degrading carbofuran was 9.0;in the range of 25℃-35℃,temperature had no significant effect on the degradation of carbofuran by this strain.For KJ74 strain,the optimum degradation condition was pH 7.0,and the degradation rate reached the highest when the temperature was 30℃.Additionally,a small amount of organic nitrogen source could promote the degradation of carbofuran by strains KJ71 and KJ74,while,a small amount of organic carbon source would inhibit the degradation of carbofuran by strains.

关 键 词：氨基甲酸酯类农药 克百威 降解菌群 生物降解 降解特性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]