推理与偏差:从传统逻辑到逻辑直觉的推进  

Reasoning and Bias:Advancing from Traditional Logic to Logical Intuition

作　　者：杨建勇 胡竹菁[1] 聂丹丹[1] 朱德彪[1] YANG Jian-yong;HU Zhu-jing;NIE Dan-dan;ZHU De-biao(School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《应用心理学》2023年第5期441-453,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：近来研究发现双加工理论中基于分析性思维的逻辑或概率加工也可以进行快速的直觉加工,引发了一种叫做“逻辑直觉”的提议。不同范式(冲突检测、双指导语、喜好范式、随机反应)下的实证研究对逻辑直觉存在的稳定性提供了支持。逻辑直觉具有自动性和内隐性两个核心特点。虽然逻辑直觉对于偏差解释、理论革新和人类理性的讨论都有重要影响,但逻辑直觉的研究目前还处于起步阶段,仍有许多不足之处需要更多的研究者去探索。Human reasoning is often biased.The dual processing theory holds that bias is caused by people's tendency to rely on belief-based heuristic rather than logical-based analytical thinking to make judgements.According to this account,the processing of logical rules is slow and requires cognitive resources.However,recent studies point out that people seem to be able to intuitively process logical rules in reasoning tasks without the involvement of analytical thinking,which leads to the proposal of“logical intuition”.This paper compares and summarizes the converging evidence for logical intuition in four paradigms(conflict detection,dual instruction,liking rate,random response).It is suggested that logical intuition has two core characteristics:automaticity and implicitness.The presence of logical intuition advances the explanation for reasoning bias from conflict detection failure to suppression failure,and contributes to the innovation of dual processing theory from traditional models to new hybrid models.It also has important implications for people's decision-making and judgment as well as the discussion of human rationality.However,limitations still exist in the study of logical intuition.For example,the sources and boundary conditions of logical intuition remain unclear,the individual variables that influence logical intuition also need to be explored in depth,the electrophysiological evidence and cross-domain applicability of logical intuition also need to be explored.Overall,the study of logical intuition is still in its infancy and needs more future efforts.

关 键 词：逻辑直觉 双加工 冲突检测 双指导语 喜好范式 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]