基于特征试件加工的五轴机床线性轴动态误差测量  

Dynamic Error Measurement of Five-Axis Machine Tool Based onCharacteristic Workpiece Machining

作　　者：蒋晓耕 高端 杨肖 孟祥东 王浩 JIANG Xiaogeng;GAO Duan;YANG Xiao;MENG Xiangdong;WANG Hao(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市现代机电装备技术重点实验室,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学机械工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《机床与液压》2023年第18期9-17,共9页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51905377);天津市自然科学基金项目(20JCQNJC00040,20JCQNJC00050,18JCQNJC75600)。

摘　　要：五轴机床在现代工业生产中有着极其重要的地位,零件的复杂化使得机床在加工时会产生各种误差,其中动态误差是不可避免的一部分。阐述动态误差产生的原因,分析加工过程中影响动态误差的因素。为了能够快速、准确地测量机床的动态误差,设计实验加工特征工件,并在DMU80T型五轴数控机床上进一步加工,分别进行在机测量、三坐标测量机测量,计算动态误差。加工曲面特征工件,在曲面加工时,采用切比雪夫多项式对各项误差进行预拟合,得到关于各误差项系数的方程,最终得到误差的表达式。采用这种方法,可以将曲面加工耦合的动态误差直接分离出来。最后将2个试件的动态误差进行比较。结果表明:在高速曲面加工过程中,动态误差是曲面加工误差的主要部分,大于直线加工时的动态误差。The five-axis machine tool has an extremely important position in modern industrial production.The complexity of the parts makes the machine tool produce various errors during processing,among which the dynamic error becomes an inevitable part.The causes of dynamic error were expounded,and the factors affecting dynamic error in the machining process were analyzed.In order to measure the dynamic error of the machine tool quickly and accurately,the characteristic workpiece was designed and processed,and finally it was processed on the DMU80T five-axis CNC machine tool,and the dynamic error was calculated by on-machine measurement and coordinate measuring machine measurement.The workpiece with surface features was machined,and the Chebyshev polynomial was used to pre-fit various errors during surface machining,and the equations about the each error term coefficient were obtained,and finally the expression of the error was obtained.Using this method,the dynamic error of the surface machining coupling can be directly separated.Finally,the dynamic errors of the two specimens were compared.The results show that in the process of high-speed surface machining,the dynamic error is the main part of the surface machining error,which is greater than the dynamic error in straight line machining.

关 键 词：动态误差 五轴数控机床 特征工件 切比雪夫多项式 曲面加工 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]