学龄前儿童口腔颌面部外伤的调查  

A STUDY OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

作　　者：吴馨怡 张文轩 张惠淇 任璐 白隆健 王帅[1,2] WU Xinyi;ZHANG Wenxuan;ZHANG Huiqi;REN Lu;BAI Longjian;WANG Shuai(School of Stomatology of Qingdao University,The Stomatology Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学口腔医学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛大学附属医院口腔医学中心,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2023年第4期593-596,共4页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：青岛大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X201911-065861)。

摘　　要：目的了解学龄前儿童(3~6岁)口腔颌面部外伤高发年龄段和原因。方法在山东省济南市、泰安市、青岛市和烟台市的12家幼儿园随机抽样1263名学龄前儿童,对其家长进行问卷调查。调查内容包括研究对象的基本情况、口腔颌面部外伤发生情况、就诊及治疗相关情况。结果1263名学龄前儿童中,122名有口腔颌面部外伤史。3岁是口腔颌面部外伤的最高发年龄,占30.77%;口腔颌面部外伤多由意外事故造成(占73.85%),其次为交通事故(占13.85%);外伤好发部位为颌面部(76.92%)以及口腔(22.05%),颌面部创伤多发生于额头(25.64%),口腔外伤多发生于上前牙(7.69%);外伤好发地点为家中(44.61%)和户外(40.00%);不同居住地儿童口腔颌面部外伤的发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.651,P<0.05),居住在农村的儿童更易发生外伤。结论学龄前儿童常在2~4岁因磕碰、摔伤等意外事故发生口腔颌面部外伤,建议加强儿童监护人的口腔颌面部外伤防护教育,并为儿童佩戴运动保护牙套。Objective To explore the high-incidence age and causes of oral and maxillofacial trauma in preschool children(3-6 years old).Methods A total of 1263 preschool children were selected by random sampling from 12 kindergartens in Jinan,Tai’an,Qingdao,and Yantai in Shandong Province,China.Questionnaires were delivered to their guardians for child-ren’s basic information,the history of oral and maxillofacial trauma,and relevant medical treatment.Results Among the 1263 subjects,122 children had a history of oral and maxillofacial trauma.Oral and maxillofacial trauma was most frequent at the age of three years(30.77%).The most common cause was unintentional events(73.85%),followed by traffic accidents(13.85%).The most common trauma sites were the maxillofacial region(76.92%)and oral cavity(22.05%).Maxillofacial trauma mostly occurred in the forehead(25.64%),and oral trauma mostly occurred to the upper anterior teeth(7.69%).The injuries mainly occurred at home(44.61%)and outdoors(40.00%).The occurrence of childhood oral and maxillofacial trauma was significantly different in different residential areas(χ^(2)=4.651,P<0.05).Children living in rural areas were more likely to have trauma.Conclusion Preschool children often have oral and maxillofacial trauma at 2-4 years old due to falls and other accidents.We recommend strengthening education on protection against oral and maxillofacial trauma for children’s guardians,and suggest children wearing protective teeth braces when playing sports.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 软组织损伤 外伤 牙损伤 

分 类 号：R788.4[医药卫生—口腔医学]