沧源佤族自治县古茶树资源多样性分析  

Diversity Analysis of Ancient Tea Trees in Wa Autonomous County of Cangyuan

作　　者：唐杰 杨煊禹 李绍华 刘晓慧 梁名志[3] 刘丹丹 TANG Jie;YANG Xuanyu;LI Shaohua;LIU Xiaohui;LIANG Mingzhi;LIU Dandan(School of Agriculture,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,Yunnan,China;College of Longrun Pu-erh Tea,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650091,Yunnan,China;Institute of Tea,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Menghai 666200,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学农学院,昆明650091 [2]云南农业大学龙润普洱茶学院,昆明650091 [3]云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,云南勐海666200

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第9期67-73,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：云南省茶学重点实验室开放基金“紫娟幼叶花青素积累的分子机理研究”(2021YNCX002);云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项(YNWRQNBJ-2019-058);云南大学“双一流”建设项目“茶叶产品质量安全控制技术及健康功能产品研发”(C176280106)。

摘　　要：为有效合理利用古茶树资源,对云南省沧源佤族自治县内古茶树资源进行形态学及遗传多样性分析。634株古茶树单株的调查结果表明,沧源佤族自治县内古茶树种质主要为大理茶(Camellia taliensis)和普洱茶(C.assamica);古茶树平均地径为26.729 cm,平均胸径为18.816 cm,主干高度平均为1.184 m,树高平均为5.655 m,冠幅平均为2.931 m;树势按照生长势强弱分为强、中、弱3级,大部分古茶树长势一般;500 a以上树龄古茶树遗传变异系数平均值为46.505%,Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)变幅为0.873~1.858,表明古茶树遗传多样性较为丰富,在优异资源选育过程中可利用性高;聚类分析将42个调查点平均性状分为3类,各性状的遗传地域性特征不显著。沧源佤族自治县古茶树以大理茶和普洱茶为主,古茶树单株总体呈小聚落状分布,单株间表型性状存在较大的遗传多样性,该结果可以为茶树育种提供参考,助力古茶树资源保护利用。To effectively and rationally utilize the ancient tea tree resources,the morphological and genetic diversity of the ancient tea tree resources in Wa Autonomous County of Cangyuan in Yunnan Province were analyzed.Based on the individual investigation and analysis of 634 ancient tea trees,the results show that the main germplasms of ancient tea trees in Cangyuan are Dali tea(Camellia taliensis)and Pu-erh tea(C.assamica).The average ground diameter of ancient tea trees is 26.729 cm,the average diameter at breast height is 18.816 cm,the average trunk height is 1.184 m,the average tree height is 5.655 m,and the average crown width is 2.931 m,respectively.According to the strength of the growth potential,the trees are divided into three groups:strong,medium and weak,and the growth of most ancient tea trees is of medium level.For tea trees of 500-year-old or above,the average genetic variation coefficient is 46.505%,and the Shannon-Wiener index(H')ranges from 0.873 to 1.858,indicating that the genetic diversity of ancient tea trees is rich,and the availability of ancient tea trees is high in the selection of excellent resources.The average traits of 42 investigation sites were divided into three categories by cluster analysis,and the genetic regional characteristic of each trait is not significant.The ancient tea trees in Cangyuan are Dali tea and Pu-erh tea.The individual plants of ancient tea trees are distributed in the shape of small settlements,and there is a large genetic diversity of phenotypic traits among individual plants.The results can provide reference for tea tree breeding and help the conservation and utilization of ancient tea tree resources.

关 键 词：沧源佤族自治县 古茶树 资源调查 遗传多样性 保护利用 

分 类 号：S321[农业科学—作物遗传育种]