以醋糟为主要成分的无土栽培基质筛选及其对甜瓜生长和果实品质的影响  

Selection of Soilless Cultivation Substrate with Vinegar Dregs as Main Component and Its Effect on Melon Growth and Fruit Quality

作　　者：李智琪 李晴 董相洁 乜兰春[1] 赵文圣 赵丽平 王磊 刘淑芹 Li Zhiqi;Li Qing;Dong Xiangjie;Nie Lanchun;Zhao Wensheng;Zhao Liping;Wang Lei;Liu Shuqin(College of Horticulture/Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Hebei Vegetable Industry Collaborative Innovation Center,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Dingzhou Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dingzhou 073000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院/河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室/河北省蔬菜产业协同创新中心,河北保定071000 [2]定州市农业农村局,河北定州073000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第9期72-78,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系设施蔬菜创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023100208)。

摘　　要：为明确醋糟作为甜瓜无土栽培基质成分的可行性,本试验以醋糟为主要成分,按不同体积比配置有机肥、蛭石和菌肥,并在此基础上添加沸石或者复合微生物菌剂或者两者均添加,共组合成24种配方基质,通过对各种基质容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH值和EC值等理化性质分析筛选出适宜甜瓜无土栽培试验的配方基质,并研究其对薄皮甜瓜博洋61和厚皮甜瓜西州蜜25号植株生长、单株产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明,24种基质中有8种基质适于开展甜瓜无土栽培试验;与商品基质相比,用T5配方基质(醋糟∶有机肥∶蛭石∶菌肥=3∶1∶1∶0.2,体积比)栽培的博洋61和西州蜜25号植株长势增强,单株产量增加6.23%~13.13%,果实可溶性固形物含量提高13.41%~17.78%,果实有机酸含量降低12.56%~34.54%。综合分析植株长势、产量、果实品质及成本后认为,T5配方基质为最适甜瓜栽培基质。To determine the feasibility of vinegar dregs as the substrate component for muskmelon soilless cultivation,24 formulated substrates were prepared with vinegar dregs as main component,which were allocated with organic fertilizer,vermiculite and bacterial fertilizer according to different volume ratios,and adding zeolite or composite microbial fungicide or both.The physicochemical properties of each kind of substrate such as bulk weight,total porosity,aeration porosity,water-holding porosity,pH value and EC value were analyzed to select suitable formulated substrate for the soilless cultivation experiment of muskmelon,and then their effects on the vegetative growth,yield per plant,and fruit quality of thin-skinned muskmelon Boyang 61 and thick-skinned muskmelon Xizhoumi 25.The results showed that 8 kinds of formulated substrates were suitable for soilless cultivation of muskmelon.Compared with the commercial substrate,the plant growth of Boyang 61 and Xizhoumi 25 cultivated with T5 formulated substrate(vinegar dregs∶organic fertilizer∶vermiculite∶fungal fertilizer=3∶1∶1∶0.2,volume ratio)was enhanced,the yield per plant was increased by 6.23%~13.13%,the soluble solid content of fruit was increased by 13.41%~17.78%,and the organic acid content of fruit was decreased by 12.56%~34.54%.After comprehensive analysis of plant growth,yield,fruit quality and cost,it was concluded that the T5 substrate was the optimum medium for soilless cultivation of muskmelon.

关 键 词：醋糟 无土栽培基质 甜瓜 产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S652.01[农业科学—果树学]