超低轨卫星的空间环境特性及其力学与热学关键问题研究进展  

Development on Space Environment and Its Dynamic and Thermal Problems of Ultra-LEO Satellites

作　　者：黄劲 常亮[1,2] 董佰扬 刘泽宇[1,2] 韩圣星 斯朝铭 HUANG Jin;CHANG Liang;DONG Baiyang;LIU Zeyu;HAN Shengxing;SI Chaoming(Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201203;Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites,Shanghai 201203)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院,上海201203 [2]上海微小卫星工程中心,上海201203

出　　处：《空间科学学报》2023年第4期711-723,共13页Chinese Journal of Space Science

摘　　要：超低轨道飞行器在遥感、科学研究等领域具有广泛的应用需求,已成为研究热点之一。由于超低轨的特殊空间环境限制,超低轨道飞行器需要面临和解决很多技术难点,主要集中在大气环境预测、气动力、气动热等方面。本文针对典型超低轨飞行器任务,研究了主要的大气模型及反演方法,并对模型数据进行了比对。结合多种气动被动稳定的案例,阐述了气动力计算的方法及气动结构设计的重要影响。介绍了气动设计及在气动干扰下的稳定控制方法,阐述了超低轨卫星的气动热环境、仿真算法以及多种防热复合材料及其应用场景。详细分析了针对超低轨卫星的防热散热可变切换技术,并简要评述了各个方案的优缺点。研究结果有助于推动超低轨道卫星关键技术攻关和试验验证,将超低轨飞行器从试验任务尽快转向空间应用任务。Ultra LEO spacecraft has become a hot research field for a wide range of application in military,remote sensing,scientific research,etc.Due to the special space environment of ultra-low orbit,many technical difficulties need to be solved,mainly focusing on atmospheric environment prediction,aerodynamic,aerothermal and so on.The main atmospheric models and inversion methods for typical ultra-low orbit vehicle missions are studied,and the model data is compared.By combining various cases of aerodynamic passive stability,the methods of aerodynamic calculation and the important impact of aerodynamic structural design are investigated.Aerodynamic design and stability control methods under aerodynamic interference are introduced.The aerodynamic thermal environment and simulation algorithms of ultra-low orbit satellites are studied,and various thermal resistant composite materials and their application scenarios are introduced.Detailed analyses were conducted on the technologies for variable switching of heat and heat dissipation for ultra-low orbit satellites,and the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme were briefly reviewed.This review is helpful to promote the key technology research and test demonstration of ultra LEO spacecraft,turning the ultra LEO spacecraft from test mission to space application mission as soon as possible.

关 键 词：超低轨道 飞行器 空间环境 大气模型 气动力 气动热 

分 类 号：P355[天文地球—空间物理学]