辣椒炭疽病生防菌株的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌机理  

Screening,identification and antifungal mechanism of bacterial biocontrol strains against hot pepper anthracnose

作　　者：朱晓琴 方树贤 刘冬梅 郑爱珍 张庆琛 裴冬丽 Zhu Xiaoqin;Fang Shuxian;Liu Dongmei;Zheng Aizhen;Zhang Qingchen;Pei Dongli(Henan AcademicianWorkstation for Industrial Technology of Dry Chili,Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Characteristic Microorganism Resources,College of Biology and Food Engineering,Shangqiu Normal University,Shangqiu 476000,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘师范学院生物与食品学院,特色微生物资源开发与应用河南省工程研究中心,河南省干制辣椒产业技术院士工作站,商丘476000

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第4期913-922,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22B180013,23A210029);河南省科技攻关项目(232102110164,232102110018,222102110003);河南省高校科技创新团队(21IRTSTHN025)。

摘　　要：为有效防控由胶孢炭疽菌Colletorichum gloeosporioides引起的辣椒炭疽病,自辣椒上分离得到内生细菌,通过平板拮抗和辣椒离体生防试验筛选对胶孢炭疽菌有抑制作用的拮抗菌株,通过形态学特征、生理生化特征以及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并于室内测定其对胶孢炭疽菌菌丝生长的影响、对辣椒炭疽病的防效及接种后辣椒内抗病活性物质含量以及防御酶活性。结果显示,从辣椒上共分离纯化获得46株细菌,其中菌株SQ-6对胶孢炭疽菌有明显的抑制作用,抑制率为61.11%,显著高于其他45株。结合菌株SQ-6的形态学特征、生理生化特征以及分子生物学特征,将该菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。SQ-6菌株的50%无细胞滤液可引起胶孢炭疽菌菌丝畸形、断裂等,对其抑制率为57.87%。SQ-6菌株的10%、50%发酵液和10%、50%无细胞滤液均能显著降低由胶孢炭疽菌引起的辣椒炭疽病的发病率和病情指数,其中50%无细胞滤液的防效最好。SQ-6菌株能够提高辣椒内Vc、酚类和黄酮类物质含量,诱导辣椒内过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalnine ammonialyase,PAL)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性增高。表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌SQ-6菌株具有开发为辣椒炭疽病生防菌剂的潜力。In order to effectively prevent and control pepper anthracnose caused by Colletorichum gloeosporioides,endophytic bacteria were isolated from pepper(Capsicum annuum L.).The antagonistic strains with inhibitory effect on C.gloeosporioides were screened with plate antagonism and in vitro biocontrol test of pepper.The morphological,physiological,biochemical characteristics and molecular biological identification were performed.The effect of endophytic bacteria on the mycelial growth of C.gloeosporioides,the control efficacy,active substances,and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined in the laboratory.The results showed that 46 bacterial strains were isolated and purified from pepper plants.Among them,strain SQ-6 had a significant inhibitory effect on C.gloeosporioides,with the inhibition rate of 61.11%,which was significantly higher than those of other 45 strains.The strain SQ-6 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by its morphological,physiological,biochemical characteristics,and molecular biological characteristics.The 50%cell-free filtrate of strain SQ-6 could cause mycelial deformity and fracture of C.gloeosporioides,and the inhibition rate was 57.87%.The 10%,50%fermentation broth and 10%,50%cell-free filtrate of strain SQ-6 could significantly reduce the incidence and disease index of pepper anthracnose caused by C.gloeosporioides,and the 50%cell-free filtrate had the optimal control effect.Strain SQ-6 could increase the contents of Vc,phenols and flavonoids of pepper,and induce the activities of peroxidase(POD),phenylalnine ammonialyase(PAL)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in pepper.Our results suggest that B.amyloliquefaciens SQ-6 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol agent for pepper anthracnose.

关 键 词：辣椒炭疽病 胶孢炭疽菌 解淀粉芽胞杆菌 鉴定 生物防治 抑菌机理 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.418.11[农业科学—植物保护]