创业者性别对企业绩效的影响研究——社会约束和创业者偏好的链式中介作用  

Research on the Impact of Entrepreneur's Gender on Business Performance:The China Mediating Effect of Social Constraints and Entrepreneur's preference

作　　者：王颢 张勉[1] WANG Hao;ZHANG Mian(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2023年第7期162-182,共21页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71672099)。

摘　　要：性别平等是创业领域研究的重要议题之一。多数已有研究从社会约束或个人偏好的视角,发现男性创业企业家比女性创业企业家取得更好的经济绩效,以及做成的企业规模更大。但鲜有研究将约束和偏好两种视角关联起来,并探讨行业的边界条件。基于地位特征理论,以2008年、2010年和2012年中国私营企业调查数据库4 694个创业者为样本,从约束和偏好关联视角探究创业者性别对企业绩效的作用机制,分析创业者经济社会地位感知、企业成长期望的链式中介作用,以及行业性别平等性的调节作用。研究表明,相对于男性创业企业家而言,女性创业企业家感知到的经济社会地位低,从而降低了使企业成长的期望,进而表现为企业的经济绩效差;行业性别平等性减弱了性别对经济社会地位感知的影响。Gender equality is one of the important topics in the field of entrepreneurship as it relates to the difference between male and female entrepreneurs in starting a venture and making it grow,as well as why such differences exist and how to deal with such problem.Studies have extensively established two distinctive foundations:the constraints-driven and preferences-driven perspectives.The constraints-driven perspective holds that female entrepreneurs perform worse than males because there are obstacles from society and culture that hinder female entrepreneurs from obtaining compara-tively advantageous resources which eventually lead to high firm performance.On the other hand,the preferences-driven perspective believes that gender difference exists because men and women vary in preferences in terms of motivation and aspiration for entrepreneurial activity,which is settled from the beginning of one's life.However,since people could dis-cern a potential linkage between these two perspectives,there are limited studies that manage to connect such perspectives and figure out the relationship between constraint and entrepreneur's preference.By addressing this question,both sides of scholars would have more explanations for gender differences as constraints-driven scholars may link constraints to various entrepreneur preferences and preference-driven scholars may discover that entrepreneur's preferences are not innate but closely connected with perceived constraints in society.Drawing on the status characteristic theory,this study aims to elucidate gender differences in firm performance by linking constraint and preference.It proposes that an entrepreneur's gender will impact one's firm performance through per-ceived socioeconomic status and growth aspiration.Here it regards socioeconomic status as a reflection of constraint and growth aspiration as one of the entrepreneur's preferences.Further,it discusses the moderating effect of industry gender equality(IGE)on the relationship between gender and socioeconomic status.Us

关 键 词：创业企业家 性别差异 创业绩效 地位特征理论 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]