在“左右”交织的迷雾中认清全球右翼政治势力  

Understanding the Global Right-wing Politics in Today's Misty Era

作　　者：高明 GAO Ming

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院文化研究系,200444

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2023年第8期86-99,共14页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：本文批判性地梳理了《全球极右势力之崛起》一书和《农村社会学》期刊上以《欧洲农村的右翼民粹主义》为题的一组特刊文章。在辨析了右翼民粹主义等概念之后,本文介绍了右翼民粹主义的几个类型,并指出无论在20世纪还是在当下,无论在南方国家还是在北方国家,乡村和城市的中间阶层都在右翼政治势力的崛起中扮演了非常重要的角色。如果中间阶层在经济困难时期遭遇的阶层下滑未能得到有效回应,那么他们就有可能与全球资本结盟,倒向排外、保守甚至血腥暴力的右翼政治。只有在历史发展脉络、地缘政治或国际分工,及本土文化价值观念这三个维度中把握某地区的阶层关系,才能理解该地区所发生的右翼政治运动的实质。The paper critically reviews the book Counter-Revolution the Global Rise of the Far Right and the ten theses of the special issue titled“Right-Wing Populism in Rural Europe”in the Journal of Sociologia Ruralis.After analyzing the similarities and differences between several concepts that are similar to right-wing popularism,the paper illuminates four types of right-wing popularism.Then the paper points out that,in both the Southern and Northern countries,middle class in the countrysides as well as in the cities has been playing an important role in the rising of the right-wing popularism throughout the 20th century up until recently.If the dificulties and losses of the middle class are not well responded,it is possible for middle class people to ally with global capitalists,after which a xenophobic,conservative and even violent right-wing politics is going to be formed.We cannot understand right-wing popularism deeply without analyzing the class relations within a nation-state and between deferment nations.Historical legacies and the ideology of a nation-state,and the position of a nation-state in the system of global economy construct the context within which class relations are generated.

关 键 词：右翼民粹主义 农村 中间阶层 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]