短时暴雨条件下秸秆和生物炭还田对水稻磷素表观利用率的影响  

Effects of Straw and Biochar Return on the Apparent Utilization Efficiency of Phosphorus in Rice Under the Condition of Short-Time Rainstorm

作　　者：苗欢 乔云发[1] 唐煜杰 冯茜 岳娅 薛海清 苗淑杰[1] Miao Huan;Qiao Yunfa;Tang Yujie;Feng Qian;Yue Ya;Xue Haiqing;Miao Shujie(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第6期241-246,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022312);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(21)3170]。

摘　　要：[目的]探究短时暴雨对水稻磷素流失的影响,阐明秸秆和生物炭还田下水稻磷素的利用效果,为稻田土壤磷素管理提供科学依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验和人工模拟降雨的方式,设置暴雨强度为4 mm/h(20 h)和80 mm/h(1 h),选取秸秆(NPK+S)和生物炭(NPK+B)两种还田物料,分析了不同处理对水稻磷素含量、积累量和表观利用率的影响。[结果]短时暴雨条件下,添加秸秆和生物炭能提高水稻磷素含量、积累量和表观利用率。与NPK处理相比,NPK+B处理根TP含量增加了41.84%,秸秆TP含量增加了38.43%,NPK+S和NPK+B处理水稻磷素积累量增加了21.95%,60.14%,NPK+S和NPK+B处理水稻表观利用率增加了21.96%,60.10%,均达到显著水平。长时暴雨条件下,与NPK处理相比,NPK+S和NPK+B处理根TP含量增加了28.67%,33.59%,NPK+B处理秸秆TP含量增加了48.52%,NPK+S和NPK+B处理籽粒TP含量增加了17.15%,39.28%,NPK+S和NPK+B处理水稻体内磷素积累量增加了35.70%,74.71%,NPK+S和NPK+B处理水稻表观利用率增加了35.66%,74.70%,均达到显著水平。[结论]不同暴雨强度条件下,添加秸秆和生物炭均能够有效固持水稻磷素养分,提高磷素表观利用率,降低养分流失风险,施加生物炭的效果优于秸秆。而且,在相同降雨量前提下,长时暴雨的固持效果要好于短时暴雨。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the effect of short-term rainstorm on phosphorus loss of rice,clarify the utilization effect of rice phosphorus under straw and biochar return,and provide scientific basis for soil phosphorus management in paddy fields.[Methods]Based on pot experiment and artificial rainfall simulation,we set the rainstorm intensities respectively at 4 mm/h(20 h)and 80 mm/h(1 h),selected straw(NPK+S)and biochar(NPK+B)as two kinds of returning materials in order to analyze the effects of different treatments on phosphorus content,accumulation and apparent utilization efficiency of rice.[Results]Under the condition of short-time rainstorm,the addition of straw and biochar can improve the phosphorus content,accumulation,apparent utilization efficiency of rice.Compared with the NPK treatment,the NPK+B treatment increases the TP content of root by 41.84%and straw by 38.43%,the NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase the phosphorus accumulation in the rice by 21.95%and 60.14%,the apparent utilization efficiencies of rice in the NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase by 21.96%and 60.10%,all reach to the significant level.Under the condition of long-time rainstorm,compared with the NPK treatment,the NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase the root TP content by 28.67%and 33.59%,the TP contents of the straw NPK+B treatment increases by 48.52%,NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase grain TP content by 17.15%and 39.28%,NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase phosphorus accumulation by 35.70%and 74.71%,apparent utilization efficiencies of NPK+S and NPK+B treatments increase by 35.66%and 74.70%,they all reach to the significant level.[Conclusion]Under different rainstorm intensity conditions,the addition of straw and biochar can effectively retain the phosphorus nutrient of rice,improve the apparent utilization efficiency of phosphorus,and reduce the risk of nutrient loss.The effects of adding biochar are better than those of adding straw.Moreover,based on the premise of the same amount of rainfall,the retention

关 键 词：短时暴雨 水稻 磷素表观利用率 秸秆还田 生物炭 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]